ASTM C1475-17
(Guide)Standard Guide for Determination of Neptunium-237 in Soil
Standard Guide for Determination of Neptunium-237 in Soil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A soil sampling and analysis program provides a direct means of determining the concentration and distribution of radionuclides in soil. The presence and extent of neptunium-237 is of particular interest because it is one of the more mobile transuranics in terms of migration and plant uptake. Since soil is an integrator and a reservoir on long-lived radionuclides, and serves as an intermediary in several pathways of potential importance to humans, knowledge of the concentration of neptunium-237 in soil is essential.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of neptunium-237 in soil by means of radiochemical separations and alpha spectrometry. This guide provides options in the selection of sample preparation, separation, and measurement. Although neptunium-237 is not a component of global fallout, it is a product of production reactors and spent fuel processing. This guide is designed for analysis of ten grams of soil previously collected and treated in accordance with Practices C998 and C999. Larger-size samples of environmental soil may also be analyzed, as long as the concentrations of interferences such as uranium and thorium are at or near environmental concentrations. Depending on the choice of a sample dissolution method, all chemical forms of neptunium may not be completely solubilized. This guide should allow the determination of neptunium-237 concentrations from sub becquerel per gram levels to applicable standards depending on count time, sample size, detector efficiency, background, and tracer yield.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 9.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1475 − 17
Standard Guide for
1
Determination of Neptunium-237 in Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide covers the determination of neptunium-237
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in soil by means of radiochemical separations and alpha
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
spectrometry. This guide provides options in the selection of
C998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
sample preparation, separation, and measurement. Although
C999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determi-
neptunium-237 is not a component of global fallout, it is a
nation of Radionuclides
product of production reactors and spent fuel processing. This
C1000 Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of
guide is designed for analysis of ten grams of soil previously
Uranium Isotopes in Soil by Alpha Spectrometry
collected and treated in accordance with Practices C998 and
C1001 Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of
C999. Larger-size samples of environmental soil may also be
Plutonium in Soil by Alpha Spectroscopy
analyzed, as long as the concentrations of interferences such as
C1163 Practice for MountingActinides forAlpha Spectrom-
uranium and thorium are at or near environmental concentra-
etry Using Neodymium Fluoride
tions.Dependingonthechoiceofasampledissolutionmethod,
C1284 Practice for Electrodeposition of the Actinides for
all chemical forms of neptunium may not be completely
Alpha Spectrometry
solubilized. This guide should allow the determination of
C1317 Practice for Dissolution of Silicate or Acid-Resistant
neptunium-237 concentrations from sub becquerel per gram
3
Matrix Samples (Withdrawn 2001)
levels to applicable standards depending on count time, sample
C1342 Practice for Flux Fusion Sample Dissolution (With-
size, detector efficiency, background, and tracer yield.
3
drawn 2001)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
C1387 Guide for the Determination of Technetium-99 in
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Soil
standard.
C1412 Practice for Microwave Oven Dissolution of Glass
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Containing Radioactive and Mixed Wastes (Withdrawn
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3
2001)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D1890 Test Method for Beta Particle Radioactivity of Water
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
D3084 Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water
tionary statements are given in Section 9.
D4962 Practice for NaI(Tl) Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Water
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.2 Other Documents:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for the Use of the International
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
ɛ1 3
in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1475 – 05 (2010) . DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/C1475-17. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1475 − 17
3. Terminology tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society
5
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
3.1 Except as otherwise defined herein, definitions of terms
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
are as given in Terminology C859.
sufficiently
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C1475 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) C1475 − 17
Standard Guide for
1
Determination of Neptunium-237 in Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in June 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the determination of neptunium-237 in soil by means of radiochemical separations and alpha
spectrometry. This guide provides options in the selection of sample preparation, separation, and measurement. Although
neptunium-237 is not a component of global fallout, it is a product of production reactors and spent fuel processing. This guide
is designed for analysis of ten grams of soil previously collected and treated in accordance with Practices C998 and C999.
Larger-size samples of environmental soil may also be analyzed, as long as the concentrations of interferences such as uranium
and thorium are at or near environmental concentrations. Depending on the choice of a sample dissolution method, all chemical
forms of neptunium may not be completely solubilized. This guide should allow the determination of neptunium-237
concentrations from sub becquerel per gram levels to applicable standards depending on count time, sample size, detector
efficiency, background, and tracer yield.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 89.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
C999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determination of Radionuclides
C1000 Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Soil by Alpha Spectrometry
C1001 Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Plutonium in Soil by Alpha Spectroscopy
C1163 Practice for Mounting Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry Using Neodymium Fluoride
C1284 Practice for Electrodeposition of the Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry
3
C1317 Practice for Dissolution of Silicate or Acid-Resistant Matrix Samples (Withdrawn 2001)
3
C1342 Practice for Flux Fusion Sample Dissolution (Withdrawn 2001)
C1387 Guide for the Determination of Technetium-99 in Soil
3
C1412 Practice for Microwave Oven Dissolution of Glass Containing Radioactive and Mixed Wastes (Withdrawn 2001)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1890 Test Method for Beta Particle Radioactivity of Water
D3084 Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water
D4962 Practice for NaI(Tl) Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Water
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010June 1, 2017. Published June 2010July 2017. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
ɛ1
C1475 – 05.C1475 – 05 (2010) . DOI: 10.1520/C1475-05R10E01.10.1520/C1475-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1475 − 17
2.2 Other Documents:
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for the Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Except
...
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