ASTM E55-11(2022)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition
Standard Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition
ABSTRACT
This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding. The portion selection, sample preparation, sampling details, sample size and storage, and resampling are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1), of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding.
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
Note 1: The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.
1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the finished product. In such cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintained through each stage of the manufacturing process to the final form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under these conditions.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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´1
Designation: E55 − 11 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for
Determination of Chemical Composition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E55; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in December 2022.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination
of chemical composition (Note 1), of nonferrous metals and
2. Referenced Documents
alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
extruding.
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for
NOTE 1—The selection of correct portions of material and the prepa-
the Determination of Chemical Composition
ration of a representative sample from such portions are necessary
prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the
3. Terminology
sample actually represents the average composition of the material from
which it was selected.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and practice, see Terminology E135.
the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted as repre-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sentative of the composition of the finished product. In such
3.2.1 portion, n—this term is used in this practice to
cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintained
designate the selected pieces of material from which the
through each stage of the manufacturing process to the final
sample is prepared.
form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under
3.2.2 sample, n—this term is used in this practice to desig-
these conditions.
nate the final form of the material submitted for analysis
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
(drillings, millings, etc.). A representative sample is defined as
as standard. The values given in parentheses are for informa-
a small part containing the same ingredients in the same
tion only.
proportions as they occur in the original lot or lots of material.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Selection of Portion
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 A portion representative of the total shipment or order
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
shall be selected at random for the final sample. These portions
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
shall be so taken that minimum wastage of material is incurred,
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
consistent with the required accuracy in sampling.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 Quantities of material withdrawn for sampling shall
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
comply with the requirements of the ASTM standard covering
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
that particular material.
4.3 When portions are to be withdrawn from finished
material, it is recommended that arrangements be made for
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.05 on Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sn, Be, Precious Metals, their Alloys, and
Related Metals. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E55 – 11(2017). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0055-11R22E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
E55 − 11 (2022)
excess length or amount of material to provide the necessary by grinding or other convenient means at approximately right
samples for inspection purposes. angles to the cutting edge. The spacing of the grooves may vary
depending upon the tool and would have to be determined for
4.4 Broken tension test specimens may be used conve-
each application. The grooves in adjacent cutting edges should
niently in place of specially selected portions when such
be staggered.
practice is agreeable to the purchaser.
6.4 Lubricants are not required for sampling the majority of
5. Preparation of Sample
wrought metals and alloys. With certain refractory alloys,
lubrication may be necessary to avoid excessive oxidation of
5.1 Samples of material too thin to be handled conveniently
for machining (drilling, milling, etc.) may be prepared by the sample, to reduce power requirements, or to save labor and
time. In such cases, the use and choice of a satisfactory
clipping. Usually, clippings would be limited to material
thinner than 1.02 mm (0.040 in.). Drillings, sawings, or lubricant should be by mutual agreement between the manu-
facturer and the purchaser. Lubricants should be selected that
millings shall be taken from ma
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E55 − 11 (Reapproved 2017) E55 − 11 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for
Determination of Chemical Composition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E55; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in December 2022.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1), of nonferrous metals and alloys
that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding.
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
NOTE 1—The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to
every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.
1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted as representative
of the composition of the finished product. In such cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintained through each
stage of the manufacturing process to the final form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under these conditions.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for the Determination of Chemical Composition
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.05 on Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sn, Be, Precious Metals, their Alloys, and Related Metals.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017Nov. 1, 2022. Published September 2017December 2022. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20112017
as E55 – 11(2017). DOI: 10.1520/E0055-11R17.10.1520/E0055-11R22E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
E55 − 11 (2022)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, see Terminology E135.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 portion, n—thethis term “portion” is used in this practice to designate the selected pieces of material from which the sample
is prepared.
3.2.2 sample, n—thethis term “sample” is used in this practice to designate the final form of the material submitted for analysis
(drillings, millings, etc.). A representative sample is defined as a small part containing the same ingredients in the same proportions
as they occur in the original lot or lots of material.
4. Selection of Portion
4.1 A portion representative of the total shipment or order shall be selected at random for the final sample. These portions shall
be so taken that minimum wastage of material is incurred, consistent with the required accuracy in sampling.
4.2 Quantities of material withdrawn for sampling shall comply with the requirements of the ASTM standard covering that
particular material.
4.3 When portions are to be withdrawn from finished material, it is recommended that arrangements be made for excess length
or amount of material to provide the necessary samples for inspection purposes.
4.4 Broken tension test specimens may be used conveniently in place of specially selected portions when such practice is agreeable
to the purchaser.
5. Preparation of Sample
5.1 Samples of material too thin to be handled conveniently for machining (drilling, milling, etc.) may be prepared by clipping.
Usually, clippings would be limited to material thinner than 1.02 mm (0.040 in.). Drillings, sawings, or millings shall be taken from
material of heavier gage.
5.2 Rods, bars, plates, shapes, tubes, and pipes shall be sampled by milling the entire cross-section or by drilling entirely through
the material at several points along theirthe length. Sheets and strips may be folded once or more, by bringing the ends together
and closing the bend; the portion may then be milled on the inside sheared edges or drilled entirely through the flat surface. For
the lighter gages, several portions may be taken and stacked together before folding.
5.3 Equal weights of drillings, millings, sawings, or clippings shall be
...
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