ASTM D6393/D6393M-21

Standard Test Method for Bulk Solids Characterization by Carr Indices

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides measurements that can be used to describe the bulk properties of a powder or granular material.  
5.2 The measurements can be combined with practical experience to provide relative rankings of various forms of bulk handling behavior of powders and granular materials for a specific application.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Practice D3740 was developed for agencies engaged in the testing or inspection (or both) of soil and rock. As such it is not totally applicable to agencies performing this standard. However, users of this standard should recognize that the framework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality of an agency performing this standard. Currently there is no known qualifying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an apparatus and procedures for measuring properties of bulk solids, henceforth referred to as Carr Indices.2  
1.2 This test method is suitable for free flowing and moderately cohesive powders and granular materials up to 2.0 mm [1/16 in.] in size. Materials must be able to pour through a 6.0 to 8.0-mm [1/4 to 5/16 in.] diameter funnel outlet when in an aerated state.  
1.3 This method consists of eight measurements and two calculations for Carr Indices as follows. Each measurement, or calculation, or combination of them, can be used to characterize the properties of bulk solids.  
1.3.1 Measurement of Carr Angle of Repose  
1.3.2 Measurement of Carr Angle of Fall  
1.3.3 Calculation of Carr Angle of Difference  
1.3.4 Measurement of Carr Loose Bulk Density  
1.3.5 Measurement of Carr Packed Bulk Density  
1.3.6 Calculation of Carr Compressibility  
1.3.7 Measurement of Carr Cohesion  
1.3.8 Measurement of Carr Uniformity  
1.3.9 Measurement of Carr Angle of Spatula  
1.3.10 Measurement of Carr Dispersibility  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives: and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on st...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2021
• ICS: 19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.24 - Characterization and Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6393/D6393M − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Solids Characterization by Carr Indices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6393/D6393M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
methods for engineering design.
1.1 This test method covers an apparatus and procedures for
measuring properties of bulk solids, henceforth referred to as 1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
2
Carr Indices. pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
1.2 This test method is suitable for free flowing and mod-
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
erately cohesive powders and granular materials up to 2.0 mm
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
1
[ ⁄16 in.] in size. Materials must be able to pour through a 6.0
from the two systems shall not be combined.
1 5
to 8.0-mm [ ⁄4 to ⁄16 in.] diameter funnel outlet when in an
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
aerated state.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.3 This method consists of eight measurements and two
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
calculations for Carr Indices as follows. Each measurement, or
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
calculation, or combination of them, can be used to character-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ize the properties of bulk solids.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.3.1 Measurement of Carr Angle of Repose
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3.2 Measurement of Carr Angle of Fall
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.3.3 Calculation of Carr Angle of Difference
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3.4 Measurement of Carr Loose Bulk Density
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3.5 Measurement of Carr Packed Bulk Density
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3.6 Calculation of Carr Compressibility
1.3.7 Measurement of Carr Cohesion
2. Referenced Documents
1.3.8 Measurement of Carr Uniformity
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3.9 Measurement of Carr Angle of Spatula
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.3.10 Measurement of Carr Dispersibility
Fluids
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
Practice D6026.
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.4.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
Data
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
Sieves
ations for the user’s objectives: and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
3. Terminology
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
3.1 Definitions of Terms:
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterization
and Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids.
Current edition approved May 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally
3
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6393 – 14. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D6393_D6393M-21. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Carr, R.L., “Evaluating Flow Properties of Solids,” Chemical Engineering, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
January 18, 1965, pp. 163–168. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this st
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6393 − 14 D6393/D6393M − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Solids Characterization by Carr Indices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6393;D6393/D6393M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an apparatus and procedures for measuring properties of bulk solids, henceforth referred to as Carr
2
Indices.
1
1.2 This test method is suitable for free flowing and moderately cohesive powders and granular materials up to 2.0 mm [ ⁄16 in.]
1 5
in size. Materials must be able to pour through a 6.0 to 8.0-mm [ ⁄4 to ⁄16 in.] diameter funnel outlet when in an aerated state.
1.3 This method consists of eight measurements and two calculations for Carr Indices as follows. Each measurement, or
calculation, or combination of them, can be used to characterize the properties of bulk solids.
1.3.1 Measurement of Carr Angle of Repose
1.3.2 Measurement of Carr Angle of Fall
1.3.3 Calculation of Carr Angle of Difference
1.3.4 Measurement of Carr Loose Bulk Density
1.3.5 Measurement of Carr Packed Bulk Density
1.3.6 Calculation of Carr Compressibility
1.3.7 Measurement of Carr Cohesion
1.3.8 Measurement of Carr Uniformity
1.3.9 Measurement of Carr Angle of Spatula
1.3.10 Measurement of Carr Dispersibility
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterization and
Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014May 1, 2021. Published November 2014May 2021. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
D6393 – 08.D6393 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D6393-14.10.1520/D6393_D6393M-21.
2
Carr, R.L., “Evaluating Flow Properties of Solids,” Chemical Engineering, January 18, 1965, pp. 163–168.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D6393/D6393M − 21
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives:
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement
are included in this standard.separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents;
therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two
systems shall not be combined.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D6026 Practice for Using Sign
...