ASTM F22-13

Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Water-Break Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The water-break test as described in this test method is rapid, nondestructive, and may be used for control and evaluation of processes for the removal of hydrophobic contaminants. This test method is commonly used for in-process verification of the absence of surface contaminants on metal surfaces that may interfere with subsequent surface treatments such as priming, conversion coating, anodizing, plating, or adhesive bonding  
5.2 This test method is not quantitative and is typically restricted to applications where a go/no go evaluation of cleanliness will suffice.  
5.3 The test may also be used for the detection and control of hydrophobic contaminants in processing environments. For this application, a witness surface free of hydrophobic films is exposed to the environment and subsequently tested. The sensitivity of this test will vary with the level of airborne contaminant and the duration of exposure of the witness surface.  
5.4 For quantitative measurement of surface wetting, test methods that measure contact angle of a sessile drop of water or other test liquid may be used in some applications. Measurement methods based on contact angle are shown in Test Methods C813, D5946, and D7490; and Practice D7334.  
5.4.1 Devices for in situ measurement of contact angle are available. These devices are limited to a small measurement surface area and may not reflect the cleanliness condition of a larger surface. For larger surface areas, localized contact angle measurement, or other quantitative inspection, combined with water-break testing may be useful.  
5.5 For surfaces that cannot be immersed or doused with water, or where such immersion or dousing is impractical, Test Method F21 may be useful.Note 2—This test method is not appropriate where line of sight evaluation is not feasible; or for assembled hardware where there is a risk for entrapment of water in faying surfaces or complex structures where it may not be effectively removed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the presence of hydrophobic (nonwetting) films on surfaces and the presence of hydrophobic organic materials in processing environments. When properly conducted, the test will enable detection of molecular layers of hydrophobic organic contaminants. On very rough or porous surfaces, the sensitivity of the test may be significantly decreased.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2013
• ICS: 25.220.20 - Surface treatment
• Technical Committee: E21 - Space Simulation and Applications of Space Technology
• Drafting Committee: E21.05 - Contamination

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F22 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Water-Break Test
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF22;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope of Solid Coatings, Substrates and Pigments using Contact
Angle Measurements
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the presence of
F21Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the
hydrophobic (nonwetting) films on surfaces and the presence
Atomizer Test
of hydrophobic organic materials in processing environments.
When properly conducted, the test will enable detection of
3. Terminology
molecular layers of hydrophobic organic contaminants. On
3.1 Definitions:
veryroughorporoussurfaces,thesensitivityofthetestmaybe
3.1.1 contact angle, n—the interior angle that a drop makes
significantly decreased.
between the substrate and a tangent drawn at the intersection
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
between the drop and the substrate as shown in Fig. 1; this is
standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are for
theangleformedbyaliquidatthethreephaseboundarywhere
information only.
a liquid, gas (air) and solid intersect.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 hydrophilic—having a strong affinity for water, wet-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
table.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Hydrophilic surfaces exhibit zero con-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tact angle with water. A sessile drop of water applied to the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
surface will immediately spread out to form a film.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 hydrophobic—having little affinity for water, nonwet-
2 table.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C813TestMethodforHydrophobicContaminationonGlass
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Hydrophobic surfaces exhibit contact
by Contact Angle Measurement
angles between a sessile drop of water and the surface
D351Classification for Natural Muscovite Block Mica and
appreciably greater than zero.
Thins Based on Visual Quality
3.1.4 sessile drop—adropofliquidsittingontheupperside
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
of a horizontal surface.
D2578TestMethodforWettingTensionofPolyethyleneand
3.1.5 water-break—a break in the continuity of a film of
Polypropylene Films
water on a surface on removal from an aqueous bath or on
D5946Test Method for Corona-Treated Polymer Films Us-
removal of a flowing water source from the surface.
ing Water Contact Angle Measurements
D7334Practice for Surface Wettability of Coatings, Sub-
4. Summary of Test Method
strates and Pigments by Advancing Contact Angle Mea-
4.1 The water-break test is performed by withdrawing the
surement
surface to be tested, in a vertical position, from a container of
D7490TestMethodforMeasurementoftheSurfaceTension
purified water and observing the behavior of the water. For
large parts, the test surface may be doused with water and the
water behavior observed on removal of the water source.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on Space
Simulation andApplications of SpaceTechnology and is the direct responsibility of
4.2 Theinterpretationofthetestisbaseduponthepatternof
Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.
wetting. Contaminated areas having a surface tension lower
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
than water will cause the water to bead up at that location or
approvedin1962.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asF22–02(2007).DOI:
10.1520/F0022-13.
“break” while draining. Most common film contaminants such
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
asoils,silicones,orfluorocarbongreaseshavesurfacetensions
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
significantly lower than water. In the absence of hydrophobic
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. films, the draining water layer will remain as a film over the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F22−13
for entrapment of water in faying surfaces or complex structures where it
may not be effectively removed.
6. Interferences
6.1 Loss of sensitivity may result from either of the follow-
ing factors:
6.1.1 The presence of hydrophilic substances on the surface
to be tested, in the te
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F22 − 02 (Reapproved 2007) F22 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Water-Break Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F22; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the presence of hydrophobic (nonwetting) films on surfaces and the presence of
hydrophobic organic materials in processing ambients.environments. When properly conducted, the test will enable detection of
molecular layers of hydrophobic organic contaminants. On very rough or porous surfaces, the sensitivity of the test may be
significantly decreased.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C813 Test Method for Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass by Contact Angle Measurement
D351 Classification for Natural Muscovite Block Mica and Thins Based on Visual Quality
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2578 Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Films
D5946 Test Method for Corona-Treated Polymer Films Using Water Contact Angle Measurements
D7334 Practice for Surface Wettability of Coatings, Substrates and Pigments by Advancing Contact Angle Measurement
D7490 Test Method for Measurement of the Surface Tension of Solid Coatings, Substrates and Pigments using Contact Angle
Measurements
F21 Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Atomizer Test
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 contact angle, n—the interior angle that a drop makes between the substrate and a tangent drawn at the intersection
between the drop and the substrate as shown in Fig. 1; this is the angle formed by a liquid at the three phase boundary where a
liquid, gas (air) and solid intersect.
3.1.2 hydrophilic—having a strong affinity for water, wettable.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on Space Simulation and Applications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.
Current edition approved April 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2013. Published April 2007November 2013. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as
F22 – 02.F22 – 02 (2007). DOI: 10.1520/F0022-02R07.10.1520/F0022-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Hydrophilic surfaces exhibit zero contact angle with water. A sessile drop of water applied to the surface will immediately spread
out to form a film.
3.1.3 hydrophobic—having little affinity for water, nonwettable.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F22 − 13
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
A = contact angle
D = drop of liquid
P = specimen
T = tangent at specimen surface
FIG. 1 Contact Angle
Hydrophobic surfaces exhibit contact angles between a sessile drop of water and the surface appreciably greater than zero.
3.1.4 sessile drop—a drop of liquid sitting on the upper side of a horizontal surface.
3.1.5 water-break—a break in the continuity of a film of water on a surface on removal from an aqueous bath or on removal
of a flowing water source from the surface.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The water-break test is performed by withdrawing the surface to be tested, in a vertical position, from a container of purified
water and observing the behavior of the water. For large parts, the test surface may be doused with water and the water behavior
observed on removal of the water source.
4.2 The water-break test is performed by withdrawing the surface to be tested, in a vertical position, from a container
o
...