ASTM D198-15

Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The flexural properties established by this test method provide:  
6.1.1 Data for use in development of grading rules and specifications;  
6.1.2 Data for use in development of design values for structural members;  
6.1.3 Data on the influence of imperfections on mechanical properties of structural members;  
6.1.4 Data on strength properties of different species or grades in various structural sizes;  
6.1.5 Data for use in checking existing equations or hypotheses relating to the structural behavior;  
6.1.6 Data on the effects of chemical or environmental conditions on mechanical properties;  
6.1.7 Data on effects of fabrication variables such as depth, taper, notches, or type of end joint in laminations; and  
6.1.8 Data on relationships between mechanical and physical properties.  
6.2 Procedures are described here in sufficient detail to permit duplication in different laboratories so that comparisons of results from different sources will be valid. Where special circumstances require deviation from some details of these procedures, these deviations shall be carefully described in the report (see Section 11).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber and wood-based products in structural sizes by various testing procedures.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections    
Flexure  
4 – 11  
Compression (Short Specimen)  
13 – 20  
Compression (Long Specimen)  
21 – 28  
Tension  
29 – 36  
Torsion  
37 – 44  
Shear Modulus  
45 – 52  
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing procedures are given in Appendix X1.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2015
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.01 - Fundamental Test Methods and Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D198 − 15
Standard Test Methods of
1
Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Numerous evaluations of structural members of sawn lumber have been conducted in accordance
withTest Methods D198.While the importance of continued use of a satisfactory standard should not
beunderestimated,theoriginalstandard(1927)wasdesignedprimarilyforsawnlumbermaterial,such
asbridgestringersandjoists.Withtheadventofstructuralgluedlaminated(glulam)timbers,structural
composite lumber, prefabricated wood I-joists, and even reinforced and prestressed timbers, a
procedure adaptable to a wider variety of wood structural members was required and Test Methods
D198 has been continuously updated to reflect modern usage.
The present standard provides a means to evaluate the flexure, compression, tension, and torsion
strengthandstiffnessoflumberandwood-basedproductsinstructuralsizes.Aflexuraltesttoevaluate
the shear stiffness is also provided. In general, the goal of the D198 test methods is to provide a
reliable and repeatable means to conduct laboratory tests to evaluate the mechanical performance of
wood-basedproducts.Whilemanyofthepropertiestestedusingthesemethodsmayalsobeevaluated
using the field procedures of Test Methods D4761, the more detailed D198 test methods are intended
to establish practices that permit correlation of results from different sources through the use of more
uniform procedures.The D198 test methods are intended for use in scientific studies, development of
designvalues,qualityassurance,orotherinvestigationswhereamoreaccuratetestmethodisdesired.
Provision is made for varying the procedure to account for special problems.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
wood-based products in structural sizes by various testing
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
procedures.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
2. Referenced Documents
Sections
2
Flexure 4–11
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Compression (Short Specimen) 13–20
D9Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
Compression (Long Specimen) 21–28
Tension 29–36
ucts
Torsion 37–44
D1165Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
Shear Modulus 45–52
woods
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing
D2395TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
procedures are given in Appendix X1.
tive Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
D2915Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical tural Wood and Wood-Based Products
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D3737Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for
and are not considered standard. Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
D4442Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
ment of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental
2
Test Methods and Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
ϵ1
approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D198–14 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0198-15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D198 − 15
D4761Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumber product for which strength or stiffness, or both, are primary
and Wood-Base Structural Material criteriafortheintendedapplicationandwhichusuallyareused
D7438Practice for Field Calibration and Application of in full length and in cross-sectional sizes greater than nominal
Hand-Held Moisture Meters 2 by 2 in. (38 by 38 mm).
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
FLEXURE
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
4. Scope
somet
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D198 − 14 D198 − 15
Standard Test Methods of
1
Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Corrected editorially in June 2015.
INTRODUCTION
Numerous evaluations of structural members of sawn lumber have been conducted in accordance
with Test Methods D198. While the importance of continued use of a satisfactory standard should not
be underestimated, the original standard (1927) was designed primarily for sawn lumber material, such
as bridge stringers and joists. With the advent of structural glued laminated (glulam) timbers, structural
composite lumber, prefabricated wood I-joists, and even reinforced and prestressed timbers, a
procedure adaptable to a wider variety of wood structural members was required and Test Methods
D198 has been continuously updated to reflect modern usage.
The present standard provides a means to evaluate the flexure, compression, tension, and torsion
strength and stiffness of lumber and wood-based materialsproducts in structural sizes. A flexural test
to evaluate the shear stiffness is also provided. In general, the goal of the D198 test methods is to
provide a reliable and repeatable means to conduct laboratory tests to evaluate the mechanical
performance of wood-based materials.products. While many of the properties tested using these
methods may also be evaluated using the field procedures of Test Methods D4761, the more detailed
D198 test methods are intended to establish practices that permit correlation of results from different
sources through the use of more uniform procedures. The D198 test methods are intended for use in
scientific studies, development of design values, quality assurance, or other investigations where a
more accurate test method is desired. Provision is made for varying the procedure to account for
special problems.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber and wood-based materialsproducts in structural sizes by various testing
procedures.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
Sections
Flexure 4 – 11
Compression (Short Column) 13 – 20
Compression (Short Specimen) 13 – 20
Compression (Long Member) 21 – 28
Compression (Long Specimen) 21 – 28
Tension 29 – 36
Torsion 37 – 44
Shear Modulus 45 – 52
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing procedures are given in Appendix X1.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental Test Methods
and Properties.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2015. Published May 2014December 2015. Originally approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
ϵ1
D198–13.–14 . DOI: 10.1520/D0198-14.10.1520/D0198-15.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D198 − 15
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Softwoods
D2395 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based Products
D3737 Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
D4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumber and Wood-Base Structural Material
D7438 Practice for Field Calibration and Application of Hand-Held Moisture Meters
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Termino
...