ASTM D6307-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt by Ignition Method
Standard Test Method for Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt by Ignition Method
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt content of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving mixtures and pavement samples by removing the asphalt cement at 540°C by ignition in a furnace.
Note 1-Aggregate obtained by this test method may be used for sieve analysis. Particle size degradation may occur with some aggregates.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 6307 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt by Ignition Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt 4.1 This test method can be used for quantitative determi-
content of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving mixtures and pave- nation of asphalt content in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving
ment samples by removing the asphalt cement at 540°C by mixtures and pavement samples for quality control, specifica-
ignition in a furnace. tion acceptance, and mixture evaluation studies. This test
method does not require the use of solvents.
NOTE 1—Aggregate obtained by this test method may be used for sieve
analysis. Particle size degradation may occur with some aggregates.
5. Apparatus
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Balance, readable to 0.1 g, and capable of measuring the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mass of sample, sample trays, and catch pan. The balance shall
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
conform to the requirement of Specification D 4753, Class
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
GP2.
bility of regulatory limitation prior to use.
5.2 Sample Tray(s), of appropriate size that allows the
samples to be spread thinly and allows air to flow up through
2. Referenced Documents
and around the sample particles. The sample shall be enclosed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
completely with screen mesh or perforated stainless steel plate
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
or other suitable material.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
NOTE 2—Screen mesh or other suitable material with maximum and
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
minimum openings of 3.35 mm and 600 microns, respectively, has been
Testing Size
found to perform well.
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
5.3 Catch Pan, of appropriate size to hold the sample trays
D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
so that aggregate particles and melting asphalt binder falling
D 979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
through the screen mesh are caught.
D 1461 Practice for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in
5.4 Catch Pan/Sample Tray(s) Handling Apparatus, suitable
Bituminous Paving Mixtures
for inserting catch pan and sample tray(s) into furnace and
D 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci-
removing hot catch pan and sample tray(s) from furnace.
fying Balances and Scales for Use in Testing Soil, Rock,
5.5 Assorted Spatulas, Pans, Bowls, and Wire Brushes, for
and Related Construction Materials
preparing hot-mix asphalt mixtures and removing aggregate
3. Summary of Test Methods
from sample tray(s) and catch pan.
5.6 Protective Gloves, well insulated and capable of with-
3.1 The asphalt cement in the paving mixture is ignited
standing 580°C.
using the furnace equipment applicable to the particular
5.7 Ovens—Mechanical ovens, convection or forced draft,
method. The asphalt content is calculated by difference from
shall be provided for drying aggregates and HMA mixtures,
the mass of the residual aggregate and moisture content. The
and preheating HMA mixtures prior to ignition testing.
asphalt content is expressed as mass percent of moisture-free
5.8 Ignition Furnace, as described in 8.1.1 or 11.1.1.
mixtures. Test Method A is intended for furnaces with an
internal, automated weighing system. Test Method B is in-
6. Hazards
tended for furnaces without an internal weighing system.
6.1 The temperature of the furnace, sample, sample tray(s),
and catch pan after removal from the furnace is extremely high.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-04 on Road
Caution, therefore, must be exercised at all times when
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.25 on
handling these items as failure to do so could result in serious
Analysis of Bituminous Mixtures.
Current edition approved July 10, 1998. Published February 1999.
injury, severe burns or fire. The sample, sample tray(s), and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
catch pan should be placed inside a safety cage and should not
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
4 be allowed to cool near any materials which are subject to
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6307
ignition at the high temperatures used in this procedure. smoke into laboratory. The furnace shall be equipped so that
Furnace manufacturer’s instruction manual must be followed the door cannot be opened during the ignition test.
to take all necessary precautions.
8.1.2 Filters, if required, of the type specified by the furnace
manufacturer.
7. Sampling
7.1 Obtain samples of aggregate in accordance with Practice 9. Calibration
D 75.
9.1 The results of this test method may be affected by the
7.2 Obtain samples of hot-mix asphalt in accordance with
type of aggregate in the mixture because different aggregates
Practice D 979.
lose mass on ignition to varying degrees. The results also may
7.3 Preparation of Test Specimens:
be affected by the presence of additives and modifiers in the
7.3.1 If the mixture is not soft enough to separate with a
HMA sample. Accordingly, to optimize accuracy, a calibration
spatula or trowel, place it in a large, flat pan and warm in an
factor shall be established by testing three calibration samples
oven set at 11065°C until it can be separated or mixed. Split
for each mix type. The calibration shall be performed on a
or quarter the material in accordance with Practice C 702 until
prepared sample of asphalt mixture, which also shall include
the mass of material required for the test is obtained.
additives and modifiers, if any, to be used.
7.3.2 The size of the test sample shall be governed by the
9.2 Obtain samples of blended aggregate to be used in HMA
nominal maximum aggregate size of the mixture and shall
in accordance with 7.1. The sample should be approximately
conform to the mass requirement shown in Table 1 (see Note
the same mass and gradation as that to be used for the HMA
3).
test sample (10.1).
9.3 Obtain samples of asphalt cement to be used in HMA in
NOTE 3—When the mass of the test specimen exceeds the capacity of
the equipment used (for a particular method), the test specimen may be accordance with 7.4.
divided into suitable increments, tested, and the results combined for
9.4 Oven-dry the aggregate samples to a constant mass.
calculation of asphalt content based on the weighted average of the masses
9.5 Set the furnace temperature to 54065°C for calibration
used in the increments.
using mixtures.
7.4 Obtain samples of asphalt cement in accordance with
9.6 Heat the aggregates and asphalt cement to approxi-
Practice D 140.
mately 150°C. Heat all mixing bowls and tools to approxi-
mately 150°C.
TEST METHOD A
9.7 Prior to mixing of calibration samples, an initial or
“butter” mix is required to condition the mixing equipment.
8. Apparatus
Remove and discard the “butter” mix from the bowl by
8.1 In addition to the apparatus listed in Section 5, the
scraping, leaving a uniform coating of asphalt mix residue.
following apparatus is required for Test Method A.
NOTE 4—The “butter” mix prevents calibration samples from being
8.1.1 Furnace, having a minimum temperature capability of
biased by residual asphalt mix retained in the mixing bowl.
580°C and having an internal weighing system capable of
measuring the mass of sample sizes of at least 2500 g. The
9.8 Prepare three calibration samples at the design asphalt
furnace chamber shall be of sufficient size to accommodate
cement content (P). Incorporate additives and modifiers, if any,
sample sizes of at least 2500 g. A data collection system also
to be used.
shall be included so that the sample mass loss can be
9.9 Determine and record the mass of the sample tray(s) and
determined automatically to an accuracy of 0.1 g and displayed
catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g.
during a test. The test is deemed complete when the difference
9.10 Evenly distribute the sample in the sample tray(s).
between consecutive measured mass loss does not exceed
9.11 Determine the mass of the sample, sample tray(s), and
0.01 % of the sample mass for three consecutive 1-min
catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g. Calculate and record the initial
intervals. The equipment shall provide a printout of the test
mass of the sample (M ).
I
results. A system capable of reducing furnace emissions to an
9.12 Heat the calibration sample in the furnace at 54065°C
acceptable level also shall be incorporated in the furnace. The
until the change in mass of the sample during three consecutive
furnace shall be vented into a hood or to the outside and when
1-min intervals does not exceed 0.01 % of the sample mass
set-up properly will have no noticeable odors escaping into the
(M ).
I
laboratory. Furnace will have fan with capability to pull air
9.13 Measure and record the mass (M ) of the sample after
L
through the furnace to expedite the test and to reduce escape of
ignition to the nearest 0.1 g. The mass can be obtained
immediately upon completion of the test from printout or
display.
TABLE 1 Size of Sample
9.14 Calculate the calibration factor (C ) as follows:
F
Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size
Standard, mm Minimum Mass of Sample, kg
M – M
I L
C 5 3 100 – P (1)
S D
F
4.75 0.5
M
I
9.5 1
12.5 1.5
where:
19.0 2
M 5 total mass of the mixture calibration sample prior to
I
25.0 3
ignition,
37.5 4
D 6307
11.1.1 Furnace, having a minimum temperature capability
M 5 total mass of the mixture calibration sample after
L
of 580°C and equipped with a fan capable of pulling air
ignition, and
through the furnace to expedite the test and to reduce escape of
P 5 percentage of actual asphalt cement in the mix by
smoke into the laboratory. The furnace chamber shall be of
mass of the total mix expressed as a percentage.
sufficient size to accommodate samples sizes of at least 2500 g.
9.15 Repeat these steps for two additional calibration
A system capable of reducing furnace emissions to an accept-
samples. Calculate the average calibration factor (C )by
F
able level also shall be incorporated in the furnace. The furnace
averaging the three C values.
F
shall be vented into a hood or to the outside, and when set up
9.16 The temperature for testin
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