ASTM E544-10
(Practice)Standard Practices for Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity
Standard Practices for Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity
ABSTRACT
These practices are designed to outline two preferred procedures for referencing the odor intensities of any odorous material in the suprathreshold region on the ASTM Odor Intensity Referencing Scale. The method by which the reference odorant vapors are to be presented for evaluation by a panel of at least eight independent judgments is specified, but the manner by which the test sample is presented will depend on the nature of the sample, and is not defined herein. The methods, where a geometric progression scale with a ratio of 2 is recommended, are generally done by comparing the odor intensity of the sample to the odor intensities of a series of concentrations of the reference odorant 1-butanol (n-butanol). The two procedures differ in the method by which the diluted 1-butanol vapors are prepared. In Procedure A (dynamic scale method), a dynamic-dilution apparatus is used. This is equipped with a series of sniffing ports from which constant concentrations of 1-butanol emerge at constant volumetric flow rates in air. In Procedure B (static-scale method), a series of Erlenmeyer flasks containing known concentrations of 1-butanol in water is used.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are designed to outline a preferred means for referencing the odor intensities of a material in the suprathreshold region.
1.2 The general objective is to reference the odor intensity rather than other odor properties of a sample.
1.3 These practices are designed to reference the odor intensity on the ASTM Odor Intensity Referencing Scale of any odorous material. This is done by a comparison of the odor intensity of the sample to the odor intensities of a series of concentrations of the reference odorant, which is 1-butanol (n-butanol).
1.4 The method by which the reference odorant vapors are to be presented for evaluation by the panelists is specified. The manner by which the test sample is presented will depend on the nature of the sample, and is not defined herein.
1.5 Test sample presentation should be consistent with good standard practice (1) and should be explicitly documented in the test report.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for specific safety data.
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Designation: E544 − 10
Standard Practices for
1
Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E544; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These practices are designed to outline a preferred
D1292Test Method for Odor in Water
means for referencing the odor intensities of a material in the
suprathreshold region.
3. Terminology
1.2 The general objective is to reference the odor intensity
3.1 ASTM odor intensity referencing scale—series of
rather than other odor properties of a sample.
1-butanol dilutions used to establish which concentration
exhibits an odor intensity matching that of the sample.
1.3 These practices are designed to reference the odor
intensity on the ASTM Odor Intensity Referencing Scale of
3.2 concentration—series of concentrations of 1-butanol in
anyodorousmaterial.Thisisdonebyacomparisonoftheodor odorless air, nitrogen, or the water diluent, made to specific
intensity of the sample to the odor intensities of a series of reference dilutions which serve as the reference scale, volume
concentrations of the reference odorant, which is 1-butanol basis,of1-butanoldilutedairorinwater.Inthelattercase,the
(n-butanol). temperature of the solution during the test should be reported.
3.3 dynamic scale—referencescaleinwhichvapordilutions
1.4 The method by which the reference odorant vapors are
arepreparedbycontinuousmixingofvaporsof1-butanolwith
tobepresentedforevaluationbythepanelistsisspecified.The
anodorlessgas,suchasair,toyieldconstantdilutionsofvapor
manner by which the test sample is presented will depend on
in the gas.
the nature of the sample, and is not defined herein.
3.4 panelists—individuals who compare the odor intensity
1.5 Testsamplepresentationshouldbeconsistentwithgood
of the sample to the reference scale. These individuals should
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standard practice (1) and should be explicitly documented in
be able to do this with a consistency described in 5.5.
the test report.
3.5 perceived (sensory) odor intensity—intensity of an odor
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sensation which is independent of the knowledge of the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
odorant concentration.
standard.
3.6 sample—material in any form exhibiting an odor that
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
needs to be measured.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.7 static scale—reference scale in which dilutions of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1-butanolinwaterarepreparedinflasksandpresentedforodor
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
intensity comparison from the flasks.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See AnnexA1 for
3.8 suprathreshold odor intensity—perceived (sensory) in-
specific safety data.
tensity of the odor in that intensity region in which the odor is
clearly experienced.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Thereferenceodorantusedtogenerateanodorintensity
scale is 1-butanol (n-butanol). The reasons for its selection are
1
ThesepracticesareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE18onSensory
summarized in Appendix X1. A geometric progression scale
Evaluation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.04 on Fundamen-
tals of Sensory.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
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approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E544–99 (2004). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/E0544-10. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
these recommended practices. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E544 − 10
witharatioof2isrecommended,thatis,ascaleinwhicheach as the 1-butanol liquid sample, must be used to remove the
reference dilution differs in its 1-butanol concentration from droplets. Obtain concentrations of vapor below saturation by
the preceding dilution by a factor of 2. diluting the saturated vapor with additional volumes of air.
5.2.2 If air, such as pumped ambient air which contains
4.2 Two procedures, A and B, are described in these
watervaporisused,replacethe1-butanolinthesaturationtube
recommended practices.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E544–99(Reapproved 2004) Designation:E544–10
Standard Practices for
1
Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E544; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices are designed to outline a preferred means for referencing the odor intensities of a material in the
suprathreshold region.
1.2 The general objective is to reference the odor intensity rather than other odor properties of a sample.
1.3 These practices are designed to reference the odor intensity on theASTM Odor Intensity Referencing Scale of any odorous
material. This is done by a comparison of the odor intensity of the sample to the odor intensities of a series of concentrations of
the reference odorant, which is 1-butanol (n-butanol).
1.4 The method by which the reference odorant vapors are to be presented for evaluation by the panelists is specified. The
manner by which the test sample is presented will depend on the nature of the sample, and is not defined herein.
2
1.5 Test sample presentation should be consistent with good standard practice (1) and should be explicitly documented in the
test report.
1.6
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for specific safety data.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1292 Test Method for Odor in Water
3. Terminology
3.1 ASTM odor intensity referencing scale—seriesof1-butanoldilutionsusedtoestablishwhichconcentrationexhibitsanodor
intensity matching that of the sample.
3.2 concentration—series of concentrations of 1-butanol in odorless air, nitrogen, or the water diluent, made to specific
reference dilutions which serve as the reference scale, volume basis, of 1-butanol diluted air or in water. In the latter case, the
temperature of the solution during the test should be reported.
3.3 dynamic scale—reference scale in which vapor dilutions are prepared by continuous mixing of vapors of 1-butanol with an
odorless gas, such as air, to yield constant dilutions of vapor in the gas.
3.4 panelists—individualswhocomparetheodorintensityofthesampletothereferencescale.Theseindividualsshouldbeable
to do this with a consistency described in 5.5.
3.5 perceived (sensory) odor intensity—intensity of an odor sensation which is independent of the knowledge of the odorant
concentration.
3.6 sample—material in any form exhibiting an odor that needs to be measured.
3.7 static scale—referencescaleinwhichdilutionsof1-butanolinwaterarepreparedinflasksandpresentedforodorintensity
comparison from the flasks.
3.8 suprathreshold odor intensity—perceived(sensory)intensityoftheodorinthatintensityregioninwhichtheodorisclearly
experienced.
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E18 on Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E18.04 on Fundamentals of Sensory.
CurrenteditionapprovedDec.Nov.1,2004.2010.PublishedDecember2004.2010.Originallyapprovedin1975.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin19992004asE544–99
(2004). DOI: 10.1520/E0544-99R04.10.1520/E0544-10.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of these recommended practices.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E544–10
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The reference odorant used to generate an odor intensity scale is 1-butanol (n-butanol). The reasons for its selection are
summarized in Appendix X1. A geometric progression scale with a ratio of 2 is recommended, that is, a scale in which each
reference dilution differs in its 1-butanol concentration from the preceding
...
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