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ASTM D579/D579M-10

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics

Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general and physical requirements for greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. The yarn shall be a continuous filament, free of any free alkali metal salts, such as soda or potash, and foreign particles, dirt, and other impurities. The fabric shall be furnished in rolls and shall be wound in spiral tubes. The materials shall be tested and shall conform to the following requirements: fabric count; yarn numbers for both the warp and filling yarns; filament diameter; strand construction; twist direction wherein the primary twist in the singles strands shall be “Z” twist and the final twist in the plied yarns shall be “S” twist; twist level; fabric weave type which shall include crowfoot, leno, mock leno, plain, eight-harness satin, and twelve-harness satin; mass per unit area; thickness; breaking strength; width including both selvages but excluding any feathered edges; fabric roll length, length between splices, and number of splices per roll; and ignition loss. The fabrics shall also be examined for defects such as bias or bowed filling; baggy, ridged, or wavy cloth; cut or tear; hole; spots, streaks, or stains; foreign inclusions; tender or weak spot; smash; broken, missing ends or picks; floats and skips; light and heavy marks; crease; waste; weave separation; brittle or fused area; selvage defects; selvage leno ends out; and feather edges.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. This specification can also be applied to fabrics made of other glass fiber types as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
1.2 This specification specifies the terminology, definitions, general requirements and physical requirements for greige glass fiber fabrics. This specification permits the application of organic materials to the glass fiber yarn during manufacture that helps facilitate weaving.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This specification is one of a series to provide a substitute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140 Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth, and Tape-Glass; and MIL-C-9084 Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates.
1.5 Additional ASTM specifications in this series have been drafted and appear in current editions of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. These include finished glass fabrics, unfinished glass fabrics, glass tapes, glass sleevings, glass cords, glass sewing threads, and finished laminates made from finished glass fabrics.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2009
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.18 - Glass Fiber and its Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D579-09 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D579/D579M-15 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2015
Referred By
ASTM D4595/D4595M-23 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Method
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2098/E2098M-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Breaking Strength of Glass Fiber Reinforcing Mesh for Use in Class PB Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS), after Exposure to a Sodium Hydroxide Solution
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7556-10(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Determining Small-Strain Tensile Properties of Geogrids and Geotextiles by In-Air Cyclic Tension Tests
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D1668/D1668M-97a(2021) - Standard Specification for Glass Fabrics (Woven and Treated) for Roofing and Waterproofing
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D579/D579M −10
StandardSpecification for
1
Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D579/D579M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
2
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers greige fabrics woven from “E” 2.1 ASTM Standards:
electrical glass fiber yarns. This specification can also be D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
applied to fabrics made of other glass fiber types as agreed D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
upon between the purchaser and the supplier. D1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-
3
Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)
1.2 This specification specifies the terminology, definitions,
D1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting
general requirements and physical requirements for greige
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
glass fiber fabrics. This specification permits the application of
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
organic materials to the glass fiber yarn during manufacture
D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
that helps facilitate weaving.
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D3775 Test Method forWarp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
of Woven Fabrics
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Fabric
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
D4963 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass Strands and
with the standard.
Fabrics
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
1.4 This specification is one of a series to provide a
substitute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140Yarn, Cord, Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
Sleeving, Cloth, and Tape-Glass; and MIL-C-9084 Cloth, D7018 TerminologyRelatingtoGlassFiberandItsProducts
2.2 ANSI Standards:
Glass Finished for Resin Laminates.
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by
1.5 AdditionalASTM specifications in this series have been
4
Attributes
drafted and appear in current editions of the Annual Book of
2.3 Military Standard and Specifications:
ASTM Standards. These include finished glass fabrics, unfin-
5
MIL-Y-1140H Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth and Tape-Glass
ished glass fabrics, glass tapes, glass sleevings, glass cords,
5
MIL-C-9084C Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates
glass sewing threads, and finished laminates made from fin-
2.4 Textile Institute Documents:
ished glass fabrics.
6
Textile Terms and Definitions
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
1 4
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.18 on Glass Fiber and 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
its Products. AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published January 2010. Originally Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
6
approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D579 – 09. DOI: Available from the Textile Institute, 10 Blackfriars St., Manchester, M3 5DR
10.1520/D0579-10. England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D579/D579M−10
6
TABLE 2 Tolerances—Mass/Unit Area
Woven Cloth Construction
Nominal Mass/Unit Area, Permissible Variation,
2 2
g/m (oz/yd ) %
3. Terminology
136 (4.0) and under ±10
Over 136 (4.0) ±6
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.18, Glass Fibers and
Its Products, refer to Terminology D7018.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this specification:
TABLE 3
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D579–09 Designation: D579/D579M – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D579/D579M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. This specification can also be applied
to fabrics made of other glass fiber types as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
1.2 This specification specifies the terminology, definitions, general requirements and physical requirements for greige glass
fiber fabrics. This specification permits the application of organic materials to the glass fiber yarn during manufacture that helps
facilitate weaving.
1.3This specification shows the values in both SI units and in inch-pound units. “SI units” is the technically correct name for
the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. “Inch-pound units” is the technically correct name for the
customary units used in the United States.The values in SI units are provided as information only; the values stated in inch-pound
units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4This specification is one of a series to provide a substitute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140 Yarn, Cord, Sleeving,
Cloth, and Tape-Glass; and MIL-C-9084 Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This specification is one of a series to provide a substitute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140 Yarn, Cord, Sleeving,
Cloth, and Tape-Glass; and MIL-C-9084 Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates.
1.5 AdditionalASTMspecificationsinthisserieshavebeendraftedandappearincurrenteditionsoftheAnnualBookofASTM
Standards. These include finished glass fabrics, unfinished glass fabrics, glass tapes, glass sleevings, glass cords, glass sewing
threads, and finished laminates made from finished glass fabrics.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
D1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens
D1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
D3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
D4963 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass Strands and Fabrics
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
D7018 Terminology Relating to Glass Fiber and Its Products
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.18 on Glass Fiber and its Products.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009.1, 2010. Published February 2009.January 2010. Originally approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
D579 – 049. DOI: 10.1520/D0579-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D579/D579M – 10
2.2 ANSI Standards:
3
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by Attributes
2.3 Military Standard and Specifications:
4
MIL-Y-1140H Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth
...

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1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4157-13(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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