ASTM C1147-14
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining the Short Term Tensile Weld Strength of Chemical-Resistant Thermoplastics
Standard Practice for Determining the Short Term Tensile Weld Strength of Chemical-Resistant Thermoplastics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The mechanical performance of welded thermoplastic structures is largely dependent on the quality of the welding operation. It is necessary for fabricators to determine that the proper welding procedures are being followed and that welders maintain their proficiency. Results from this practice are indicative of skill in proper welding procedures for different thermoplastic materials and the use of appropriate welding equipment. If the welded test specimens have short term weld factors that meet or exceed the minimums as set forth in this practice, it can be concluded that, with the same degree of skill and diligence by the welder, acceptable welds can be obtained in fabricated structures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and evaluation of joints between two pieces of weldable grades of thermoplastic materials, backed and unbacked, (such as those shown in Table 1) up to 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness.
1.2 Since there are numerous new technologies and techniques constantly being developed for plastic welding, there are no profiles and procedures that can be considered as standard for all plastics at various thicknesses. This practice is not intended to define profiles and procedures; however, it is intended to establish methods to evaluate minimum short term weld factors to be achieved by the welder for the respective plastics.
1.3 Weld procedures used for test pieces shall reflect procedures to be used in actual fabrication.
1.4 Welding methods to be used include machine welding, extrusion welding, and hot gas welding.
1.5 This practice can be utilized by relevant certification bodies to assess welder proficiency and qualification.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1147 − 14
Standard Practice for
Determining the Short Term Tensile Weld Strength of
1
Chemical-Resistant Thermoplastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and evaluation of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
joints between two pieces of weldable grades of thermoplastic D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
materials, backed and unbacked, (such as those shown in Table D4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-
1) up to 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness. pressed Air
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
1.2 Since there are numerous new technologies and tech-
Plastics Specimens
niques constantly being developed for plastic welding, there
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
are no profiles and procedures that can be considered as
standard for all plastics at various thicknesses. This practice is
3. Terminology
not intended to define profiles and procedures; however, it is
3.1 Definitions— For definitions of terms used in this
intended to establish methods to evaluate minimum short term
practice, see Terminology D883.
weld factors to be achieved by the welder for the respective
plastics. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 butt welding (machine)—the fusing together of two
1.3 Weld procedures used for test pieces shall reflect pro-
pieces of plastic which are aligned in the same plane, with the
cedures to be used in actual fabrication.
same mating thickness, by application of heat and pressure,
1.4 Welding methods to be used include machine welding,
also called hot-plate welding.
extrusion welding, and hot gas welding.
3.2.2 chemical-resistant—the ability of a material to resist
1.5 This practice can be utilized by relevant certification
degradation by reaction with, dissolution by, or reduction of
bodies to assess welder proficiency and qualification.
physical continuity from contact with a chemical agent or
agents, thereby retaining its capacity to perform as a structural
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
or aesthetic entity.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.2.3 extrusion welding—a process in which heated plastic
and are not considered standard.
is forced through a shaping orifice (or die) and applied with
pressure to suitably prepared, locally preheated plastic pieces
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of the same resin base, to join them.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.4 hot-gas welding—a technique for joining thermoplas-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tics (usually sheets) in which the materials are first softened by
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a jet of hot gas from a welding gun. A rod of the same plastic
isusedtofilltheheatedgapandjointhesheetsatthesametime
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
pressure is applied by either the rod or the tip of the gun.
Sometimes referred to as string bead welding.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and Molded
2
Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1147 – 01 (2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/C1147-14. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1147 − 14
TABLE 1 Typical Guide for Hot Gas Welding Temperatures
6. Apparatus
NOTE 1—For other welding techniques, consult material and equipment
6.1 Theapparatusforweldingshallconsistofthefollowing:
supplier for recommendations.
6.1.1 Welding Device, suitable for joining thermoplastics.
A
°F (°C) Recommended Gas
6.1.2 Air Supply, when needed, conforming to Test Method
B
Type
D4285.
HDPE 500–600 (260–316) Nitrogen or Air
PP 550–600 (288–316) Nitrogen or Air 6.1.3 Temperature Measuring Device ,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1147 − 01 (Reapproved 2012) C1147 − 14
Standard Practice for
Determining the Short Term Tensile Weld Strength of
1
Chemical-Resistant Thermoplastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and evaluation of joints between two pieces of weldable grades of thermoplastic
materials, backed and unbacked, (such as those shown in Table 1) up to 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness.
1.2 Since there are numerous new technologies and techniques constantly being developed for plastic welding, there are no
profiles and procedures that can be considered as standard for all plastics at various thicknesses. This practice is not intended to
define profiles and procedures; however, it is intended to establish methods to evaluate minimum short term weld factors to be
achieved by the welder for the respective plastics.
1.3 Weld procedures used for test pieces shouldshall reflect procedures to be used in actual fabrication.
1.4 Welding methods to be used could include machine welding, extrusion welding, and hot gas welding.
1.5 This practice can be utilized by relevant certification bodies to assess welder proficiency and qualification.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C904D883 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonmetallic MaterialsPlastics
D4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed Air
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions— For definitions of terms used in this practice, see Terminology C904D883.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 butt welding (machine)—the fusing together of two pieces of plastic which are aligned in the same plane, with the same
mating thickness, by application of heat and pressure, also called hot-plate welding.
3.2.2 chemical-resistant—the ability of a material to resist degradation by reaction with, dissolution by, or reduction of physical
continuity from contact with a chemical agent or agents, thereby retaining its capacity to perform as a structural or aesthetic entity.
3.2.3 extrusion welding—a process in which heated plastic is forced through a shaping orifice (or die) and applied with pressure
to suitably prepared, locally preheated plastic pieces of the same resin base, to join them.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Thermoplastics, Thermosets and
ElastomersFilm, Sheeting, and Molded Products.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012May 1, 2014. Published September 2012May 2014. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
C1147 – 01 (2006).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/C1147-01R12.10.1520/C1147-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1147 − 14
TABLE 1 Typical Guide for Hot Gas Welding Temperatures
NOTE 1—For other welding techniques, consult material and equipment
supplier for recommendations.
colwidth="0.31in"> colname=A "col2" colwidth="0.69in">B
°F Recommended Gas Type
HDPE 500–600 Nitrogen or Air
PP 550–600 Nitrogen or Air
PVC 500–550 Air
CPVC 550–660 Air
PVDF 650–680 Nitrogen or Air
ECTFE 665–695 Nitrogen
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.