ASTM F2395-07
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems (Withdrawn 2014)
Standard Terminology for Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems (Withdrawn 2014)
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers important concepts and terms related to unmanned aircraft systems. It is intended to establish the boundaries and characteristics that will guide the development of other standards for the committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This terminology covers important concepts and terms related to unmanned aircraft systems. It is intended to establish the boundaries and characteristics that will guide the development of other standards for the committee.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, this terminology was withdrawn in May 2014 because it is no longer relevant to the industry.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F2395 − 07
StandardTerminology for
1
Unmanned Aircraft Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2395; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope autonomy, n—the ability of the machine to interpret its
environment and make decisions that result in unscripted
1.1 This terminology covers important concepts and terms
actions.
related to unmanned aircraft systems. It is intended to establish
the boundaries and characteristics that will guide the develop-
beyond line-of-sight, BLOS, n—transmitter and receiver are
ment of other standards for the committee.
not in direct, point-to-point contact. See R-103–2004.
civil aviation authority, CAA, n—the government regulatory
2. Referenced Documents
agency that governs aircraft, airmen, and operations. In the
2
2.1 AIAA Standard:
United States this is the Federal Aviation Administration
R-103–2004 AIAA Recommended Practice—Terminology
(FAA).
for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Remotely Operated
control station, n—a system of computers and other equip-
Aircraft
ment in a designated operating area that the pilot and other
3
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:
crewmembers use to communicate and fly the unmanned
14 CFR Aeronautics and Space
aircraft and to operate its sensors (if any).
14 CFR Part 91.113 General Operating and Flight Rules—
Right-of-Way Rules: Except Water Operations
fully autonomous, adj—mode of control of a UAS where the
14 CFR Part 1 Definitions and Abbreviations UAS is expected to execute its mission, within the pre-
programmed scope, with only monitoring from the pilot-in-
3. Significance and Use
command. As a descriptor for mode of control, this term
includes: (1) fully automatic operation, (2) autonomous
3.1 This terminology is written to provide: (1) precise
functions (like takeoff, landing, or collision avoidance), and
understanding and interpretation of ASTM standards, (2) the
(3) “intelligent” fully autonomous operation.
characteristics of the UAS classes, requirements, and profiles
which must be addressed by standards, (3) standard terminol-
light unmanned aircraft system, light-UAS, n—UAS with a
ogy to use in standards, reports, and other technical writings on
maximum gross takeoff weight of 1320 lb or less.
the subcommittees, and (4) an explanation of the meanings of
line of sight, LOS, n—direct, point-to-point contact between a
technical terms for the benefit of those not conversant with
transmitter and receiver. See R-103–2004.
them.
3.2 This terminology is not intended to prevent the use of lost link, n—asituationwherethecontrolstationhaslosteither
descriptive terms used to distinguish between aircraft, such as or both of the uplink and downlink contacts with the
tactical, high-altitude long endurance, or micro. unmanned aircraft and the pilot can no longer affect or
monitor, or both, the aircraft’s flight.
4. Terminology
miniature unmanned aircraft system, mini-UAS, n—UAS
automated, n—the automatic performance of scripted actions.
with a maximum gross takeoff weight of 55 lb or less.
mode of control, n—means the pilot uses to direct the activity
of the UAS. There are two modes of control: semi-
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on
autonomous and remote control. A UAS may use different
UnmannedAircraftSystemsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF38.02
on Flight Operations. modes of control in different phases of flight.
Current edition approved April 15, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally
operator, n—means any person who causes or authorizes the
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2395 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/F2395-07.
operation of an aircraft, such as the owner, lessee, or bailee
2
Available from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA),
of an aircraft. Also, the entity responsible for compliance
1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344.
3
with airworthiness and continuing airworthiness require-
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732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. ments.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2395 − 07
pilot, n—person who has final authority and responsibility for small unmanned aircraft system, small-UAS, n—UAS with
the operation and safety of flight. See also 14 CFR Part 1 for a maximum gross takeoff weight of 330 lb or less.
“pilot-in-command.” Sometimes called the UAS controller,
unmanned airc
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