ASTM F2395-05
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems
Standard Terminology for Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard identifies and defines important concepts and terms related to unmanned air vehicle systems. It is intended to establish the boundaries and characteristics that will guide the development of other standards for the committee.
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Designation:F2395–05
Standard Terminology for
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Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2395; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope fully autonomous, adj—mode of control of a UAV where the
UAV is expected to execute its mission, within the pre-
1.1 This terminology standard identifies and defines impor-
programmed scope, with only monitoring from the pilot-in-
tant concepts and terms related to unmanned air vehicle
command. As a descriptor for mode of control, this term
systems. It is intended to establish the boundaries and charac-
includes: (1) fully automatic operation, (2) autonomous
teristics that will guide the development of other standards for
functions (like takeoff, landing, or collision avoidance), and
the committee.
(3) “intelligent” fully autonomous operation.
2. Referenced Documents light unmanned air vehicle, light-UAV, n—UAV with a
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maximum gross takeoff weight of 1320 lbs or less.
2.1 AIAA Standard:
line of sight, LOS, n—direct, point-to-point contact between a
R-103–2004 AIAA Recommended Practice—Terminology
transmitter and receiver. See R-103–2004.
for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Remotely Operated
miniature unmanned air vehicle, mini-UAV, n—UAV with a
Aircraft
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maximum gross takeoff weight of 55 lbs or less.
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:
mode of control, n—means the pilot uses to direct the activity
14 CFR Aeronautics and Space
of the UAV. There are three modes of control: fully autono-
14 CFR Part 91.113 General Operating and Flight Rules—
mous, semi-autonomous, and remote control. A UAV may
Right-of-Way Rules: Except Water Operations
use different modes of control in different phases of flight.
14 CFR Part 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
operator, n—means any person who causes or authorizes the
3. Significance and Use
operation of an aircraft, such as the owner, lessee, or bailee
of an aircraft. Also, the entity responsible for compliance
3.1 This terminology standard is written to provide: (1)
with airworthiness and continuing airworthiness require-
precise understanding and interpretation of ASTM standards,
ments.
(2) the characteristics of the UAV classes, requirements, and
pilot, n—person who has final authority and responsibility for
profiles which must be addressed by standards, (3) standard
the operation and safety of flight. See also 14 CFR Part 1 for
terminology to use in standards, reports, and other technical
“pilot-in-command.” Sometimes called the UAV controller,
writings on the subcommittees, and (4) an explanation of the
ASTM reserves the term controller for air traffic services
meanings of technical terms for the benefit of those not
provider.
conversant with them.
rating, n—statement that, as part of a certificate, sets forth
3.2 This terminology standard is not intended to prevent the
special conditions, privileges, or limitations. See 14 CFR
use of descriptive terms used to distinguish between aircraft,
Part 1.
such as tactical, high-altitude long endurance, or micro.
remotely operated aircraft, ROA, n—UAV that complies
4. Terminology
with the applicable parts of 14 CFR (airworthiness type
certificate, operated by certified pilot) and is approved for
beyond line-of-sight, BLOS, n—transmitter and receiver are
routine, integrated operations similar to a manned aircraft of
not in direct, point-to-point contact. See R-103–2004.
the same class and category. See R-103–2004.
DISCUSSION—Other terms sometimes used to describe UAVs include:
robotic aircraft, remotely piloted vehicles, drones, unmanned combat
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on
aerial vehicles, etc.These terms do not create an operational distinction
Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
separated from the above terms for the purposes of ASTM standards.
F38.02 on Flight Operations.
CurrenteditionapprovedJul.1,2004andJan.1,2005.PublishedFebruary2005.
semi-autonomous, adj—mode of control of a UAV where the
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Available from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA),
pilot executes changes and conducts the mission through a
1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344.
3 flight management system interface. Without this input, the
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. UAV will perform pre-programmed automatic operations.
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