ASTM A866-14
(Specification)Standard Specification for Medium Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
Standard Specification for Medium Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard specification for medium carbon bearing quality steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings. The bearings shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, phosphorus, manganese, sulfur, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, copper, oxygen and aluminum. Requirement for dimensional tolerances of hot-rolled or hot-rolled and annealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finished bars and larger in diameter furnished shall conform to the specified size, shape and tolerances. The grain size of the material shall conform to the required size, otherwise it shall be normalized and retested. Decarburization and surface imperfection shall not exceed the limit in the specified values. Material may be ordered as hot rolled or thermally treated. No hardness limits shall apply for as-hot-rolled materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers medium carbon bearing quality steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings.
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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Designation: A866 −14
Standard Specification for
Medium Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 Quantity (weight or pieces),
3.1.2 Grade identification,
1.1 This specification covers medium carbon bearing qual-
3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
ity steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings.
3.1.4 Dimensions, and
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
3.1.5 Supplementary requirements, if included.
provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
4. Materials and Manufacture
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 Process:
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.1.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable of
and are not considered standard.
providing a high quality product meeting the requirements of
this specification.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Chemical Composition and Analysis
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
5.1 Typical examples of chemical composition are shown in
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the
cal Analysis of Steel Products
steel manufacturer in accordance withTest Methods, Practices,
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
and Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus deter-
Steel
mined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
for the ordered grade or to other requirements agreed upon
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Blooms, and Forgings
5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser in
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
A751. Permissible variations in product analysis shall be in
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
accordance with Specification A29/A29M.
E1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-
ization of Steel Specimens
3 6. Sizes, Shapes, and Dimensional Tolerances
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 683 Part 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels 6.1 The physical size and shape of the material shall be
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
3. Ordering Information
6.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled or hot-rolled and
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
annealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finished
include the following information:
bars0.500in.(12.7mm)andlargerindiameterfurnishedunder
thisspecificationshallconformtotherequirementsspecifiedin
1 the latest edition of Specification A29/A29M.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.3 Dimensional tolerances for cold-finished coils for ball
A01.28 on Bearing Steels.
and roller material shall be as shown in Table 2.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A866 – 09. DOI:
6.4 Coil tolerances also apply to cold-finished straight
10.1520/A0866-14.
2 lengths under 0.500 in. in diameter.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 7. Quality Tests
the ASTM website.
7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality of
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org. the material furnished and shall make the necessary tests to
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A866 − 14
A,B
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
C D
Number Name C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Mo V Cu (max) O (max) Al (max)
. . . 1030 0.28 to 0.34 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1040 0.37 to 0.44 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1050 0.48 to 0.55 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1541 0.36 to 0.44 1.35 to 1.65 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1552 0.47 to 0.55 1.20 to 1.50 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4130 0.28 to 0.33 0.40 to 0.60 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4140 0.38 to 0.43 0.75 to 1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4150 0.48 to 0.53 0.75 to 1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 5140 0.38 to 0.43 0.70 to 0.95 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.70 to 0.90 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 5150 0.48 to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.70 to 0.90 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 6150 0.48 to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 . . . 0.15 min 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B40 C56E2 0.52 to 0.60 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B41 56Mn4 0.52 to 0.60 0.90 to 1.20 0.025 0.015 0.40 max . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B43 43CrMo4 0.40 to 0.46 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 to 1.20 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
A
Elements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.
B
Intentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.
C
Steels B40, B41, and B43 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.
D
Oxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.
TABLE 2 Dimensional Tolerances for Cold-Finished Coils
described in Test Methods
E45, Plate I-A. Fields with sizes or
Size, in. (mm) Total Tolerance, in. (mm) numbers of all types of inclusions intermediate between
configurations shown on the chart shall be classified as the
Through 0.096 (2.44) 0.002 (0.05)
Over 0.096 (2.44) to 0.270 (6.86), incl 0.003 (0.08)
lesser of the rating number. The worst field of each inclusion
Over 0.270 (6.86) to 0.750 (19.1), incl 0.004 (0.10)
type from each specimen shall be recorded as the rating for the
specimen. Two thirds of all specimens and at least one from
each ingot tested, or from the first, middle, and last portion of
the strands tested, as well as the average of all specimens, shall
ensure this quality. The supplier shall be required to report on
not exceed the rating specified in Table 3.
the results of the micro-inclusion rating tests detailed below.
Quality tests shown in 7.2 through 7.3 are based upon
8. Grain Size
procedures established in Test Methods E45.
8.1 The grain size shall be from 5 to 8 as defined in Test
7.2 Sampling—Samples taken in accordance with the fol-
Methods E112 (see Plate 4, Austenitic Grain Size in Steels),
lowing paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 by 4 in. (102 by
with occasional grains as large as No. 3 permissible. Material
102 mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be made
not meeting this requirement may be normalized at 1700°F
on smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser.
(925°C) or above, and retested.
Aminimum 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forged sections
is required for strand cast products. 9. Decarburization and Surface Imperfections
7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samples
9.1 Decarburization and surface imperfections shall not
representing the top and bottom of the first, middle, and last
exceed the limits specified in Tables 4 and 5. Decarburization
usable ingots shall be examined.
shall be measured using the microscopical methods described
7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of six
in Test Methods E1077.
samples shall be examined and they shall represent the top and
10. Microstructure and Hardness
bottom of three ingots. One ingot shall be taken at random
from the first usable plate poured, one ingot, at random
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A866 − 09 A866 − 14
Standard Specification for
Medium Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers medium carbon bearing quality steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings.
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by
Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
E1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 683 Part 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following information:
3.1.1 Quantity (weight or pieces),
3.1.2 Grade identification,
3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
3.1.4 Dimensions, and
3.1.5 Supplementary requirements, if included.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Process:
4.1.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable of providing a high quality product meeting the requirements of this
specification.
5. Chemical Composition and Analysis
5.1 Typical examples of chemical composition are shown in Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.28
on Bearing Steels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2009November 2014. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20012009
as A866 – 01.A866 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/A0866-09.10.1520/A0866-14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale CP 56, CH-1211,CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland,
http://www.iso.ch.http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A866 − 14
A,B
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
C D
Number Name C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Mo V Cu (max) O (max) Al (max)
. . . 1030 0.28 to 0.34 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1040 0.37 to 0.44 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1050 0.48 to 0.55 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1541 0.36 to 0.44 1.35 to 1.65 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1552 0.47 to 0.55 1.20 to 1.50 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4130 0.28 to 0.33 0.40 to 0.60 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4140 0.38 to 0.43 0.75 to 1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4150 0.48 to 0.53 0.75 to 1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 5140 0.38 to 0.43 0.70 to 0.95 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.70 to 0.90 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 5150 0.48 to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.70 to 0.90 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 6150 0.48 to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 . . . 0.15 min 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B40 C56E2 0.52 to 0.60 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B41 56Mn4 0.52 to 0.60 0.90 to 1.20 0.025 0.015 0.40 max . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B43 43CrMo4 0.40 to 0.46 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 to 1.20 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
A,B
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
C D
Number Name C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Mo V Cu (max) O (max) Al (max)
. . . 1030 0.28 to 0.34 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1040 0.37 to 0.44 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1050 0.48 to 0.55 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1541 0.36 to 0.44 1.35 to 1.65 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 1552 0.47 to 0.55 1.20 to 1.50 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4130 0.28 to 0.33 0.40 to 0.60 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4140 0.38 to 0.43 0.75 to 1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 4150 0.48 to 0.53 0.75 to 1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 5140 0.38 to 0.43 0.70 to 0.95 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.70 to 0.90 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 5150 0.48 to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.70 to 0.90 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
. . . 6150 0.48 to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 . . . 0.15 min 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B40 C56E2 0.52 to 0.60 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B41 56Mn4 0.52 to 0.60 0.90 to 1.20 0.025 0.015 0.40 max . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
B43 43CrMo4 0.40 to 0.46 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 to 1.20 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050
A
Elements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.
B
Intentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.
C
Steels B40, B41, and B43 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.
D
Oxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.
5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 for the
ordered grade or to other requirements agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
Permissible variations in product analysis shall be in accordance with Specification A29/A29M.
6. Sizes, Shapes, and Dimensional Tolerances
6.1 The physical size and shape of the material shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
6.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled or hot-rolled and annealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finished bars
0.500 in. (12.7 mm) and larger in diameter furnished under this specification shall conform to the requirements specified in the
latest edition of Specification A29/A29M.
6.3 Dimensional tolerances for cold-finished coils for ball and roller material shall be as shown in Table 2.
6.4 Coil tolerances also apply to cold-finished straight lengths under 0.500 in. in diameter.
TABLE 2 Dimensional Tolerances for Cold-Finished Coils
Size, in. (mm) Total Tolerance, in. (mm)
Through 0.096 (2.44) 0.002 (0.05)
Over 0.096 (2.44) to 0.270 (6.86), incl 0.003 (0.08)
Over 0.270 (6.86) to 0.750 (19.1), incl 0.004 (0.10)
TABLE 2 Dimensional Tolerances for Cold-Finished Coils
Size, in. (mm) Total Tolerance, in. (mm)
Through 0.096 (2.44) 0.002 (0.05)
Over 0.096 (2.44) to 0.270 (6.86), incl 0.003 (0.08)
Over 0.270 (6.86) to 0.750 (19.1), incl 0.004 (0.10)
A866 − 14
7. Quality Tests
7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality of the material furnished and shall make the necessary tests to ensure
this quality. The supplier shall be required to report on the results of the micro-inclusion rating tests detailed below. Quality tests
shown in 7.2 through 7.3 are based upon procedures established in Test Methods E45.
7.2 Sampling—Samples taken in accordance with the following paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 by 4 in. (102 by 102 mm)
rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be made on smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser. A minimum
3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forged sections is required for strand cast products.
7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samples representing the top and bottom of the first, middle, and last usable
ingots shall be examined.
7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of six samples shall be examined and they shall represent the top and bottom
of three ingots. One ingot shall be taken at random from the first usable plate poured, one ingot, at random, from the usable plate
poured nearest to the middle of the heat, and one ingot, at random, from the last usable plate poured. When two usable plates
constitute a heat, two of the sample ingots shall be selected from the second usable plate poured. Where a single usable plate
constitutes a heat, any three random ingots may be selected. Other methods of sampling shall be as agreed upon by manufacturer
and purchaser.
7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samples representing the first, middle, and last portion of the heat cast shall
be examined. At least one sample shall be taken from each strand.
3 3
7.3 Inclusion Rating—The specimens shall be ⁄8 by ⁄4 in. (9.5 by 19.1 mm) and shall be taken from an area halfway between
the center and outside
...
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