ASTM D2481-81(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Accelerated Evaluation of Wood Preservatives for Marine Services by Means of Small Size Specimens
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Evaluation of Wood Preservatives for Marine Services by Means of Small Size Specimens
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the relative effectiveness of wood preservatives in small wood specimens exposed to a natural marine environment. It is not within the scope of this procedure to determine the retention or duration of protection for commercial size piles and timbers.
1.2 The requirements for preparing the material for testing and the test procedures appear in the following order:SectionSummary of Test Method3Test Specimens 5Pretreatment Handling 6Treatment Procedure 7Post-Treatment Handling 8Assembly of Test Specimens 9Exposure 10Inspection 11Evaluation of Results 12Reports 13
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2481–81 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Accelerated Evaluation of Wood Preservatives for Marine
Services by Means of Small Size Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2481; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope tic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings
1.1 Thistestmethoddeterminestherelativeeffectivenessof
3. Summary of Test Method
wood preservatives in small wood specimens exposed to a
3.1 Smallpanelsorblocksofwoodareimpregnatedwithan
natural marine environment. It is not within the scope of this
appropriate series of retentions of a preservative and are
procedure to determine the retention or duration of protection
preparedforexposure,accordingtospecifiedprocedures.They
for commercial size piles and timbers.
are then exposed by total immersion in a natural marine
1.2 The requirements for preparing the material for testing
environment. An index of physical condition determined dur-
and the test procedures appear in the following order:
ing periodic inspection is used to measure the effectiveness of
Section
preservative treatment.
Summary of Test Method 3
Test Specimens 5
Pretreatment Handling 6
4. Significance and Use
Treatment Procedure 7
4.1 This test method is useful in determining the relative
Post-Treatment Handling 8
Assembly of Test Specimens 9
efficacy between various treatments and naturally occurring
Exposure 10
wood-destroyingagents.Itisaninitialmeansofestimatingthe
Inspection 11
tolerance limits of the biologically destructive agents or the
Evaluation of Results 12
Reports 13
threshold values of the chemical preservative, or both.
4.2 This test method is not intended to provide quantifiable
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
reproducible values. It is a qualitative method designed to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
provide a reproducible means of establishing relative efficacy
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
between experimental contract levels.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Test Specimens
2. Referenced Documents 5.1 Selection of Wood—Use sapwood of southern or Pon-
derosa pine or Douglas-fir for standard comparative tests. Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
boards free from knots or excessive resins, and showing no
D390 Specification for Coal-Tar Creosote for the Preserva-
visible evidence of infection by mold, stain, or decay fungi.
tive Treatment of Piles, Poles, and Timbers for Marine,
2 Drill mounting holes before treatment.
Land, and Fresh Water Use
5.2 Selection of Size:
D1165 Nomenclature of Domestic Hardwoods and Soft-
2 5.2.1 A Panels—6 by 38 by 152 mm, vertical grain with
woods
longitudinal grain direction in the 152 mm dimension.
D2665 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plas-
5.2.2 B Panels—19by76by460mm.
5.2.3 C Blocks—19by19by19mm,milledasaccuratelyas
possible. If necessary (for example, for convenience in han-
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood
dling) blocks may be drilled through the center of a tangential
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for Wood
face with a 3-mm drill. The volume of the blocks without the
Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 30, 1981. Published December 1981. Originally
published as D2481–66. Last previous edition D2481–70(1977).
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2481–81 (2002)
hole should be approximately 6.9 mL and the blocks with the preferably in five graded retentions. The retention nearest the
hole approximately 6.8 mL. expected effective retention should be at or near the middle of
5.2.4 Sample size shall remain constant within a given the series. When little or nothing is known regarding the
series of tests. effectiveness of the preservative, wider ranges in retention
should be used.
6. Pretreatment Handling
7.6 Concentration of Treating Solutions—Make up the
6.1 Initial Conditioning and Initial Weights—Condition the aqueous treating solutions for tests in appropriate gradient
specimens for treatment by bringing them to moisture equilib- concentrations with a view to leaving in the panels or blocks
rium under 15% ovendry basis in a constant-temperature after treatment a predetermined range of retentions running
room, in an appropriate dry storage room, or by kiln drying. from below to above an anticipated effective (protective)
6.2 Weighing—Specimensofuniformdensityasdetermined retention.
by their original weight facilitate uniform treatments within 7.7 Weight After Treatment—Determine the amount of pre-
groups. Before impregnation, number and weigh them to the servative absorbed by weighing the panels or blocks individu-
nearest0.01gforApanels,and1.0gforBpanels.Thisweight ally immediately after treatment. The code designation for
is referred to as the initial or untreated weight of the specimen after-treatment weight shall be T (Note 1). In all treatments
with creosote or petroleum solutions, remove each specimen
(T ). Segregate specimens selected into treatment groups of
approximate equal density as determined by weight. individually from the treating chamber, wipe lightly to remove
surface preservative or preservative solution, and weigh
NOTE 1—Coding the different weights as T , T , and T avoids
1 2 3
promptly to the nearest 0.01 g for A panels and 1.0 g for B
confusion and simplifies recording. The suggested system of T (tare)
panels to determine T . Follow the same procedure with
designation is as follows, with all weights recorded in grams:
T = initial weight of the test specimen before impregnation, waterborne preservatives.
T = weight of the test specimen immediately after impregnation and
7.8 Calculation of Retention—Calculate the retention of
wiping (equals T plus grams of treating solution absorbed), and
preservative or preservative solution as follows:
T = weight of the test specimen just before installation at the location
kg/m 51000 GC/V (1)
site.
6.3 Identification—Identify each piece with die-stamped
where:
poly(vinyl chloride) or heavy polypropylene tags.
G = grams of treating solution absorbed by the speci-
mens.UseG orG ,dependingonhowretentionwas
2 3
7. Treatment Procedure
deter- mined (T or T weights),
2 3
7.1 Treatment—Applypreservativesbyafull-cellorempty-
G =(T − T )=grams of preservative or preservative
2 2 1
cell process as retention warrants. Avoid solvent dilution of
solution absorbed by the specimen (initial weight of
oil-type preservatives.
specimen, subtracted from the initial weight plus the
7.2 Number of Specimens to be Treated:
amount absorbed),
7.2.1 Panels—Treat sufficient panels to permit selection
G =(T − T )=grams of preservative remaining in the
3 3 1
after treatment of at least five panels having preservation specimen at the time of installation,
retentions closely approximating the desired retention level C = grams of preservative in 100 g of treating solution,
and
desired. If analysis of variance of attack gradings is desired, at
V = volume of specimen, mL.
least 20 replicates will be required. The retention in the
selected panels shall have a coefficient of variation not greater
8. Post-Treatment Handling
than 10%.
7.2.2 Blocks—Treat sufficient blocks to permit the selection 8.1 Treatment with Water Solutions—Dry the specimens
of N replicate sets of blocks of approximate uniform retention treated with waterborne preservatives by air seasoning, kiln
for each preservative at each retention level. The N represents
drying, or a combination of both; upon final weighing after
the number of planned removal periods. treatment, the specimens may be stacked so that air can
7.3 Treating Reference Specimens—Treat to obtain a mini- circulate freely between them until their moisture content is
mum
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