ASTM C1197-20

Standard Test Method for In Situ Measurement of Masonry Deformability Properties Using the Flatjack Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Deformation and strength properties are measured only on the masonry between flatjacks. Boundary effects of the collar joint behind the wythe tested and adjacent masonry are neglected. In the case of multi-wythe masonry, deformability is estimated only in the wythe in which the flatjack is inserted. Deformability of other wythes may be different.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes an in situ method for determining the deformation properties of existing unreinforced solid-unit masonry. (See Note 1.) This test method concerns the measurement of in-situ masonry deformability properties in existing masonry by use of thin, bladder-like flatjack devices that are installed in cut mortar joints in the masonry wall. This test method provides a relatively non-destructive means of determining masonry properties.
Note 1: Solid-unit masonry is that built with stone, concrete, or clay units whose net area is equal to or greater than 75 % of the gross area.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2020
• ICS: 91.060.10 - Walls. Partitions. Facades
• Technical Committee: C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
• Drafting Committee: C15.04 - Research

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1197 −20
Standard Test Method for
In Situ Measurement of Masonry Deformability Properties
1
Using the Flatjack Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Measuring Instruments
1.1 This test method describes an in situ method for
3. Terminology
determining the deformation properties of existing unrein-
forced solid-unit masonry. (See Note 1.) This test method 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
concerns the measurement of in-situ masonry deformability 3.1.1 shim, n—item inserted into a flatjack slot prior to
properties in existing masonry by use of thin, bladder-like testing to minimize the inflation of the test flatjack.
flatjack devices that are installed in cut mortar joints in the 3.1.1.1 Discussion—The use of shims may be necessary
masonry wall. This test method provides a relatively non- duringtestingtoachieveatightfitoftheflatjackintheslotand
destructive means of determining masonry properties. to ensure uniform transfer of pressure (stress) to the masonry
NOTE 1—Solid-unit masonry is that built with stone, concrete, or clay
overthecompleteareaoftheflatjack.SeeAnnexA1forfurther
units whose net area is equal to or greater than 75 % of the gross area.
discussion on allowable types of shims.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.2 spacer, n—metal plate used in the calibration process
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
to control flatjack thickness.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method
and are not considered standard.
refer to Terminology C1180 for mortar and grout and Termi-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nology C1232 for masonry.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 Two flatjacks inserted into parallel slots, one above the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
other, in a solid-unit masonry wall are pressurized thus
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
inducing compressive stress on the masonry between them.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
The installation is shown in Fig. 1. By gradually increasing the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
flatjack pressure and measuring the deformation of the ma-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sonry between the flatjacks, load-deformation (stress-strain)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
properties may be obtained. Maximum compressive strengths
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
may be measured in certain cases.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Deformation and strength properties are measured only
C1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry
on the masonry between flatjacks. Boundary effects of the
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
collar joint behind the wythe tested and adjacent masonry are
E74 Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-
neglected.Inthecaseofmulti-wythemasonry,deformabilityis
estimated only in the wythe in which the flatjack is inserted.
Deformability of other wythes may be different.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C15.04 on Research.
6. Apparatus
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
6.1 Flatjack:
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1197 – 14a. DOI:
10.1520/C1197-20.
6.1.1 Aflatjackisathinenvelope-likebladderwithinletand
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
outlet ports which may be pressurized with hydraulic fluid.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Flatjacks may be of any shape in plan, and are designed to be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. compatible with the masonry being tested. For determining
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C1197−20
standard having both an accuracy of 1 % of full hydrau
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1197 − 14a C1197 − 20
Standard Test Method for
In Situ Measurement of Masonry Deformability Properties
1
Using the Flatjack Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes an in situ method for determining the deformation properties of existing unreinforced solid-unit
masonry. (See Note 1.) This test method concerns the measurement of in-situ masonry deformability properties in existing masonry
by use of thin, bladder-like flatjack devices that are installed in cut mortar joints in the masonry wall. This test method provides
a relatively non-destructive means of determining masonry properties.
NOTE 1—Solid-unit masonry is that built with stone, concrete, or clay units whose net area is equal to or greater than 75 % of the gross area.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
E74 Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-Measuring Instruments
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 shim, n—item inserted into a flatjack slot prior to testing to minimize the inflation of the test flatjack.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The use of shims may be necessary during testing to achieve a tight fit of the flatjack in the slot and to ensure uniform transfer
of pressure (stress) to the masonry over the complete area of the flatjack. See Annex A1 for further discussion on allowable types
of shims.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.04 on Research.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014Dec. 15, 2020. Published December 2014December 2020. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as
C1197 – 14.C1197 – 14a. DOI: 10.1520/C1197-14A.10.1520/C1197-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1197 − 20
3.1.2 spacer, n—metal plate used in the calibration process to control flatjack thickness.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method refer to Terminology C1180 for mortar and grout and Terminology
C1232 for masonry.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Two flatjacks inserted into parallel slots, one above the other, in a solid-unit masonry wall are pressurized thus inducing
compressive stress on the masonry between them. The installation is shown in Fig. 1. By gradually increasing the flatjack pressure
and measuring the deformation of the masonry between the flatjacks, load-deformation (stress-strain) properties may be obtained.
Maximum compressive strengths may be measured in certain cases.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Deformation and strength properties are measured only on the masonry between flatjacks. Boundary effects of the collar joint
behind the wythe tested and adjacent masonry are neglected. In the case of multi-wythe masonry, deformability is estimated only
in the wythe in which the flatjac
...