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ASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.  
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 2: The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as described in this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.  
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2023
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1776/D1776M-20 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020
Refers
ASTM D3787-16(2020) - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
Effective Date
01-Jul-2020

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ASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
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ASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3786/D3786M − 18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting
1
Strength Tester Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3786/D3786M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-
pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is
tiles
generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.
D3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch
Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable re-
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
straints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the
Methods
instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section
D6797 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics
and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.
Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 2.2 Other Standard:
3
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in TAPPI Method T 403 , Bursting Strength of Paper
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 3. Terminology
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test
with the standard.
Methods, see Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
NOTE 1—For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a
ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787. bursting strength, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, stretch
woven fabric, woven fabric.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- nology D123.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 A specimen is clamped over an expandable diaphragm.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
The diaphragm is expanded by fluid pressure to the point of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specimen rupture. The difference between the total pressure
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
required to rupture the specimen and the pressure required to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
inflate the diaphragm is reported as the bursting strength.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Physical Test Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Methods A. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved Available from Technological Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D3786–18. DOI: 10.1520/D3786 (TAPPI), 15 Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092,
_D3786M-18R23. http://www.tappi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3786/D3786M − 18 (2023)
5. Significance and Use capacity of the gage shall be such that the individual readings
will be not less than 25 % nor more than 75 % of the total
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm burst-
capacity of the gage.
ing strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being
6.1.4 Pressure System—A means of applying controlled
used by the textile industry for th
...

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
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Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

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5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
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Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
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1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
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Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.  
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and de...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6413/D6413M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method determines the response of textiles to a standard ignition source, deriving measurement values for afterflame time, afterglow time, and char length.  
5.2 The vertical flame resistance, as determined by this test method, only relates to a specified flame exposure and application time.  
5.3 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, draft-free, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.  
5.4 Test Method D6413 has been adopted from Federal Test Standard No. 191A method 5903.1, which has been used for many years in acceptance testing. The between-laboratory precision of this test method has not been established. Refer to Section 14 for single-laboratory precision.  
5.4.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples used should be as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results are obtained, and that are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration on the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to measure the vertical flame resistance of textiles.  
1.1.1 As a part of the measure of flame resistance, afterflame and afterglow characteristics are evaluated.  
1.2 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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