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ASTM D3427-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils

Standard Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the ability of a petroleum-type steam turbine oil to separate entrained air.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-1999
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.C0.02 - Corrosion and Water/Air Separability
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D3427-02 - Standard Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils
Effective Date
23-Oct-2002

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ASTM D3427-99 - Standard Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D 3427 – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the ability of turbine, hydraulic, 5.1 Agitation of lubricating oil with air in equipment, such
and gear oils to separate entrained air. as bearings, couplings, gears, pumps, and oil return lines, may
produce a dispersion of finely divided air bubbles in the oil. If
NOTE 1—This test method was developed for mineral based oils. It may
the residence time in the reservoir is too short to allow the air
be used for some synthetic fluids; however, the precision statement applies
bubbles to rise to the oil surface, a mixture of air and oil will
only to petroleum oils.
circulate through the lubricating oil system. This may result in
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
an inability to maintain oil pressure (particularly with centrifu-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
gal pumps), incomplete oil films in bearings and gears, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
poor hydraulic system performance or failure.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 This test method measures the time for the entrained air
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
content to fall to the relatively low value of 0.2 % volume
under a standardized set of test conditions and hence permits
2. Referenced Documents
the comparison of the ability of oils to separate entrained air
2.1 ASTM Standards:
under conditions where a separation time is available. The
2
D 329 Specification for Acetone
significance of this test method has not been fully established.
3
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
However, entrained air can cause sponginess and lack of
D 1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum
sensitivity of the control of turbine and hydraulic systems. This
4
Oils and Synthetic Fluids
test may not be suitable for ranking oils in applications where
5
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
residence times are short and gas contents are high.
6
2.2 DIN Standard:
DIN 51 381
6. Apparatus
6.1 A schematic diagram of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.
3. Terminology
The component parts are described as follows:
3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:
6.1.1 Test Vessel, made of borosilicate glass as shown in Fig.
3.1.1 air release time, n—the number of minutes needed for
2, consisting of a jacketed sample tube fitted with an air inlet
air entrained in the oil to reduce in volume to 0.2 % under the
capillary, baffle plate, and air outlet tube. The two parts of each
conditions of this test and at the specified temperature.
test vessel should be marked and preferably used as a pair.
Interchanged parts may be used so long as the resultant test
4. Summary of Test Method
vessel conforms to the stated dimensions.
4.1 Compressed air is blown through the test oil, which has
6.1.2 Pressure Gage, covering the range from 0 to 35 kPa,
been heated to a temperature of 25, 50, or 75°C. After the air
with divisions at least every 2 kPa, and an accuracy of 1.5 kPa.
flow is stopped, the time required for the air entrained in the oil
6.1.3 Thermometers:
to reduce in volume to 0.2 % is recorded as the air release time.
6.1.3.1 Air Thermometer, for measuring compressed air
temperature. ASTM Precision Thermometer having a range
from −20 to 102°C, graduated in 0.2°C and conforming to the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
requirements for Thermometer 12C as prescribed in Specifi-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.C0.02 on Corrosion and Water/Air Separability. cation E 1 is suitable. A temperature sensor of at least equiva-
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published January 2000. Originally
lent performance is also suitable. Care shall be taken to avoid
published as D 3427 – 75. Last previous edition D 3427 – 96.
restricting the air path with the thermometer bulb or any
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
3
adapter used.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
6.1.3.2 Sample Thermometer, for measuring the tempera-
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
ture of the sample during preparation and trial runs. ASTM
6
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, 1000 Berlin 30,
Precision Thermometer having a range from –20 to 102°C,
Germany.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Precision equipment and high pressure hydraulic machinery require filtered lubricants and fluids to prevent damage from the circulation of hard particulate contaminants. Three types of particulate contaminants are present in lubricants and hydraulic fluids: built in contaminants from the machinery assembly process, generated contaminants from equipment wear, and contaminants that enter from external sources.  
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the dry filterability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids based upon mass flow rate measurements through a 0.8 µm membrane after ageing (Note 1). The procedure applies to lubricants and hydraulic fluids that are formulated with American Petroleum Institute (API) Group I, II, III, IV, and certain V base stocks. Products formulated with water or base stocks that are heavier than water are out of scope.
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Note 2: Residual water due to atmospheric conditions or contaminants is in scope for these samples and it is typically low for most in process samples.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.3.3 The combined vapor pressure of the blended components is such that there is no selective evaporation of any of the components.
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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