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ASTM C522-03(2016)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials

Standard Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific airflow resistance of an acoustical material is one of the properties that determine its sound-absorptive and sound-transmitting properties. Measurement of specific airflow resistance is useful during product development, for quality control during manufacture, and for specification purposes.  
5.2 Valid measurements are made only in the region of laminar airflow where, aside from random measurement errors, the airflow resistance (R = P/U) is constant. When the airflow is turbulent, the apparent airflow resistance increases with an increase of volume velocity and the term “airflow resistance” does not apply.  
5.3 The specific airflow resistance measured by this test method may differ from the specific resistance measured by the impedance tube method in Test Method E384 for two reasons. In the presence of sound, the particle velocity inside a porous material is alternating while in this test method, the velocity is constant and in one direction only. Also, the particle velocity inside a porous material is not the same as the linear velocity measured outside the specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for measurements along different axes of the specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the purposes of this test method is given in Annex A1.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2016
ICS
91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.01 - Sound Absorption
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C522 −03 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
1
Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C522; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
Acoustics
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
resistanceandairflowresistivityofporousmaterialsthatcanbe
used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials
3. Terminology
cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats,
3.1 Definitions: The definitions used in this test method are
fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic,
contained in Terminology C634.
provision is made for measurements along different axes of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: The
specimen.
following items have been modified to exclude alternating
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of
flow.
values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to
3.2.1 airflow resistance, R; mks acoustic ohm
3
10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities rang-
(Pa·s/m )—the quotient of the air pressure difference across a
ing from 0.5 to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the
specimendividedbythevolumevelocityofairflowthroughthe
specimen ranging from 0.1 to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this
specimen.
range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow
2
3.2.2 airflow resistivity, r ; mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m )—ofa
0
through most porous materials is in partial or complete
homogeneous material, the quotient of its specific airflow
transition from laminar to turbulent flow.
resistance divided by its thickness.
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the pur-
3.2.3 lateral airflow resistivity— of an anisotropic homoge-
poses of this test method is given in Annex A1.
neous material, the airflow resistivity when the direction of
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
airflowisparalleltothefaceofthematerialfromwhichthetest
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this specimen is taken.
standard.
3.2.4 specific airflow resistance, r; mks rayl (Pa·s/m)—the
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.
product of the airflow resistance of a specimen and its area.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
This is equivalent to the air pressure difference across the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen divided by the linear velocity of airflow measured
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
outside the specimen.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.5 transverse airflow resistivity— of an anisotropic ho-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mogeneous material, the airflow resistivity when the direction
of airflow is perpendicular to the face of the material from
2. Referenced Documents
which the test specimen is taken.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3 Application of Terms:
E384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Mate-
3.3.1 The term airflow resistance can be applied to speci-
rials
mens of any kind.
3.3.2 The term specific airflow resistance has meaning only
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE33onBuilding
when applied to a specimen of uniform thickness that is
and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
homogeneous in directions parallel to its surface but not
E33.01 on Sound Absorption.
necessarily homogeneous in the direction of airflow perpen-
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
ɛ1
dicular to its surface.
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C522 – 03 (2009) .
DOI: 10.1520/C0522-03R16.
3.3.3 The term airflow resistivity has meaning only when
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
applied to a specimen that is homogeneous in directions
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
parallel to a and perpendicular to its surface but not necessarily
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. isotropic.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C522−03 (2016)
TABLE 1 Conversion from cgs to mks and SI units
resistance is use
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C522 − 03 (Reapproved 2009) C522 − 03 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
1
Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C522; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section 1.4.1 was editorially added in March 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance
and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range
from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for
measurements along different axes of the specimen.
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks
rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from
0.1 to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials
is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the purposes of this test method is given in Annex A1.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: The definitions used in this test method are contained in Terminology C634.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: The following items have been modified to exclude alternating flow.
3.2.1 airflow resistance, R; mks acoustic ohm
3
(Pa·s/m )—the quotient of the air pressure difference across a specimen divided by the volume velocity of airflow through the
specimen.
2
3.2.2 airflow resistivity, r ; mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m )— of a homogeneous material, the quotient of its specific airflow resistance
0
divided by its thickness.
3.2.3 lateral airflow resistivity— of an anisotropic homogeneous material, the airflow resistivity when the direction of airflow
is parallel to the face of the material from which the test specimen is taken.
3.2.4 specific airflow resistance, r; mks rayl (Pa·s/m)—the product of the airflow resistance of a specimen and its area. This is
equivalent to the air pressure difference across the specimen divided by the linear velocity of airflow measured outside the
specimen.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.01
on Sound Absorption.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009April 1, 2016. Published February 2010April 2016. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
ɛ1
C522 – 03.C522 – 03 (2009) . DOI: 10.1520/C0522-03R09E01.10.1520/C0522-03R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C522 − 03 (2016)
TABLE 1 Conversion from cgs to mks and SI units
To convert from to Multiply by
3 5
cgs acoustic ohm mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m ) 10
cgs rayl mks rayl (Pa·s/m) 10
2 3
cgs rayl/cm mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m ) 10
2
cgs rayl/in. mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m ) 394
2
mks rayl/in. mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m ) 39.4
3.2.5 transverse airflow resistivity— of an anisotropic homogeneous material, t
...

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5.1 The acoustical impedance properties of a sound absorptive material are related to its physical properties, such as airflow resistance, porosity, elasticity, and density. As such, the measurements described in this test method are useful in basic research and product development of sound absorptive materials.  
5.2 Normal incidence sound absorption coefficients are more useful than random incidence coefficients in certain situations. They are used, for example, to predict the effect of placing material in a small enclosed space, such as inside a machine.  
5.3 Estimates of the random incidence or statistical absorption coefficients for materials can be obtained from normal incidence impedance data. For materials that are locally reacting, that is, without sound propagation inside the material parallel to its surface, statistical absorption coefficients can be estimated from specific normal acoustic impedance values using an expression derived by London (1).5 Locally reacting materials include those with high internal losses parallel with the surface such as porous or fibrous materials of high density or materials that are backed by partitioned cavities such as a honeycomb core. Formulas for estimating random incidence sound absorption properties for both locally and bulk-reacting materials, as well as for multilayer systems with and without air spaces have also been developed (2).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of an impedance tube, alternatively called a standing wave apparatus, for the measurement of impedance ratios and the normal incidence sound absorption coefficients of acoustical materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C522-03(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific airflow resistance of an acoustical material is one of the properties that determine its sound-absorptive and sound-transmitting properties. Measurement of specific airflow resistance is useful during product development, for quality control during manufacture, and for specification purposes.  
5.2 Valid measurements are made only in the region of laminar airflow where, aside from random measurement errors, the airflow resistance (R = P/U) is constant. When the airflow is turbulent, the apparent airflow resistance increases with an increase of volume velocity and the term “airflow resistance” does not apply.  
5.3 The specific airflow resistance measured by this test method may differ from the specific resistance measured by the impedance tube method in Test Method E384 for two reasons. In the presence of sound, the particle velocity inside a porous material is alternating while in this test method, the velocity is constant and in one direction only. Also, the particle velocity inside a porous material is not the same as the linear velocity measured outside the specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for measurements along different axes of the specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 Pa to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the purposes of this test method is given in Annex A1.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1042-22(Classification)
Standard Classification for Acoustically Absorptive Materials Applied by Trowel or Spray

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acoustically absorptive materials are used for the control of reverberation and echoes in rooms. This standard provides a classification method for acoustically absorptive materials applied directly to surfaces by trowel or by spray.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers materials applied by trowel or spray to surfaces for the purpose of increasing their acoustical absorption.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1573-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement and Reporting of Masking Sound Levels Using A-Weighted and One-Third-Octave-Band Sound Pressure Levels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustical performance is dependent on many factors (see Guide E1374 for a discussion on general office acoustical considerations). One of these factors is the masking sound. The masking spectrum shape and level must conform within specified tolerances throughout the treated area. The measurement and recording of these parameters are addressed in this test method.  
5.2 The results from this test method are used to determine if the masking sound meets a particular specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies the procedure used to measure the masking sound in terms of A-weighted and one-third-octave-band sound pressure levels.  
1.2 The results of this test method can be used to determine if and where the masking sound meets (or does not meet) a particular specification.  
1.3 This test method does not evaluate the overall acoustical environment. It is intended only to measure and report the masking sound levels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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