ASTM D560-03

Standard Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures (Withdrawn 2012)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are used to determine the resistance of compacted soil-cement specimens to repeated freezing and thawing. These test methods were developed to be used in conjunction with Test Methods D 559 and criteria given in the Soil-Cement Laboratory Handbook7 to determine the minimum amount of cement required in soil-cement to achieve a degree of hardness adequate to resist field weathering.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated freezing and thawing of hardened soil-cement specimens. The specimens are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to maximum density at optimum water content using the compaction procedure described in Test Methods D 558.
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and for molding specimens as follows:SectionsTest Method A, using soil material passing a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve7Test Method B, using soil material passing a 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retainedon the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve. This test method may be used onlyon those materials that have 30 % or less retained on the 3/4-in.(19.0 mm) sieve8
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, and are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs.
1.4.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in commercial practice (density, scales, balances, etc.). Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given.
1.4.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of unit; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated in 1.4.2, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft³ shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated freezing and t...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Feb-2003
• Withdrawal Date: 15-Jul-2012
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.15 - Stabilization With Admixtures

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D560-96 - Standard Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D560/D560M-15 - Standard Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D1633-17 - Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Molded Soil-Cement Cylinders
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D1632-17e1 - Standard Practice for Making and Curing Soil-Cement Compression and Flexure Test Specimens in the Laboratory
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D560 − 03
Standard Test Methods for
1
Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.4.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
professiontousepoundstorepresentbothaunitofmass(lbm)
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate
the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume
systems of unit; that is, the absolute system and the gravita-
changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated freezing
tionalsystem.Itisscientificallyundesirabletocombinetheuse
and thawing of hardened soil-cement specimens. The speci-
of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
mens are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to
standard.As stated in 1.4.2, this standard includes the gravita-
maximum density at optimum water content using the com-
tional system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the
paction procedure described in Test Methods D558.
slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales
3
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are
recordingpoundsofmass(lbm)orrecordingdensityinlbm/ft
covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and
shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
for molding specimens as follows:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Sections
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Test Method A, using soil material passing a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes 7
the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3
Test Method B, using soil material passing a ⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained
on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve. This test method may be used only 8
3
on those materials that have 30 % or less retained on the ⁄4-in. 2. Referenced Documents
(19.0 mm) sieve
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
C150Specification for Portland Cement
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
C595Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
Practice D6026.
D558Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight)
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
D559Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted
as standard, except as noted below. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, and are Soil-Cement Mixtures
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Fluids
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
D2168Practices for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
Rammer Soil Compactors
(lbf)representsaunitofforce(weight),whiletheunitformass
D2216Test Methods for Laboratory Determination ofWater
is slugs.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
1.4.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
commercialpractice(density,scales,balances,etc.).Therefore,
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
(kg) or gram (g), or both.Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
(slug) is not given.
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
Construction Materials Testing
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoil
andRockandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD18.15onStabilization
2
With Admixtures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published March 2003. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D560–96. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0560-03. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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