ASTM D560/D560M-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
Standard Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to determine the resistance of compacted soil-cement specimens to repeated freezing and thawing. These test methods were developed to be used in conjunction with Test Methods D559/D559M and criteria given in the Soil-Cement Laboratory Handbook4 to determine the minimum amount of cement required in soil-cement to achieve a degree of hardness adequate to resist field weathering.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated freezing and thawing of hardened soil-cement specimens. The specimens are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to maximum density at optimum water content using the compaction procedure described in Test Methods D558.
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and for molding specimens as follows:
Sections
Test Method A, using soil material passing a 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes
the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
7
Test Method B, using soil material passing a [0.75-in.] 19.0-mm sieve.
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained
on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. This test method may be used only
on those materials that have 30 % or less retained on the 19.0 mm
[0.75-in.] sieve
8
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected /recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of unit; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of ...
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D560/D560M − 15
StandardTest Methods for
1
Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D560/D560M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* rately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be
used independently of the other. Combining values from the
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume
Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specifi-
changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated freezing
cation E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is
and thawing of hardened soil-cement specimens. The speci-
forinformationonlyanddoesnotrepresentadifferentstandard
mens are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to
sieve size.
maximum density at optimum water content using the com-
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
paction procedure described in Test Methods D558.
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are
(lbf)representsaunitofforce(weight),whiletheunitformass
covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and
isslugs.Therationalizedslugunitisnotgiven,unlessdynamic
for molding specimens as follows:
(F = ma) calculations are involved.
Sections
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
Test Method A, using soil material passing a 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
professiontousepoundstorepresentbothaunitofmass(lbm)
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes 7
and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate
the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
Test Method B, using soil material passing a [0.75-in.] 19.0-mm sieve.
systems of unit; that is, the absolute system and the gravita-
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained
tionalsystem.Itisscientificallyundesirabletocombinetheuse
on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. This test method may be used only 8
of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
on those materials that have 30 % or less retained on the 19.0 mm
[0.75-in.] sieve
standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
unitformass.However,theuseofbalancesorscalesrecording
3
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method. pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft shall not
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
2. Referenced Documents
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of these test methods to consider significant digits used in
C150/C150MSpecification for Portland Cement
analysis methods for engineering data.
C595/C595MSpecification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
D558Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight)
pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded sepa-
Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
D559/D559MTest Methods for Wetting and Drying Com-
pacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoil
andRockandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD18.15onStabilization
With Admixtures.
2
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D560–96, which was contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annua
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.