ASTM D2595-96(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.
The test method can be used at any specified temperature between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F) that may be agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This test method should not be used at temperatures which exceed the flash point of the base oil of the grease.)
Note 1—The specified flow of air, 2.58 ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. Air with a dew point of less than 10°C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D 972, which is limited to 149°C (300°F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 5.2.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D2595 − 96(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-
Temperature Range
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Thedispersionofthethickenerformsa
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evapora-
surfacetensionandotherphysicalforces.Otheringredientsare
tionlossoflubricatinggreasesattemperaturesbetween93and
commonly included to impart special properties. D217
316°C (200 and 600°F). This test method is intended to
augment Test Method D972, which is limited to 149°C 3.1.2 thickener, n—a substance composed of finely-divided
(300°F).
particles dispersed in a liquid to form the product’s structure.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Thickeners can be fibers (such as vari-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ous metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
non-soapthickeners),whichareinsolubleor,atmost,onlyvery
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ments are that the solid particles are extremely small, uni-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
formly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D217
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
information, see 5.2.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 A weighed sample of grease in an evaporation cell is
placed in a heating device maintained at the desired test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperature.Heatedairispassedoverthegreasesurfacefor22
A240/A240MSpecification for Chromium and Chromium-
6 0.1 h. The loss in weight of the sample due to evaporation
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
is determined.
Vessels and for General Applications
D217Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
5. Significance and Use
Grease
D972Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can
Greases and Oils
adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in
evaluatingalubricantforaspecificuse.Suchvolatilescanalso
3. Terminology
be considered contaminants in the environment in which the
3.1 Definitions: lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this
test method and service performance has not been established.
3.1.1 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
5.2 The test method can be used at any specified tempera-
ture between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F) that may be
agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This test
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
method should not be used at temperatures which exceed the
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
flash point of the base oil of the grease.)
D02.G0.03 on Physical Tests.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
´1
NOTE 1—The specified flow of air, 2.58 6 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2595–96(2002) .
standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that
DOI: 10.1520/D2595-96R08.
theoriginalworkinvolveddryairbutithassincebeenshownthatthiscan
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. Air with a dew
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on point of less than 10°C at standard temperature and pressure will be
the ASTM website. satisfactory.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2595 − 96 (2008)
SECTION OF GREASE SAMPLE CUP ALL DIMENSIONS 60.0156 in. (60.4
FIG. 1 Thermocouple Arrangement
mm) UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
FIG. 2 Evaporation Test Cell
6. Apparatus
6.1 Evaporation Cell Assembly (Fig. 1) consisting of the
following items:
6.1.1 Sample Cup, A.
6.1.2 Hood, B.
6.1.3 Cover and Eduction Tube, C—These items (5.1.1 to
5.1.3) shall be constructed from a stainless steel conforming to
Type 304 of Specification A240/A240M. Design dimensions
anddimensionaltolerancesshallbeasshowninFig.2andFig.
3.
6.1.4 Gasket—Shall be of a heat-resistant (315°C (600°F))
material.Agasket cut from 3.2 mm ( ⁄8-in.) TFE-fluorocarbon
sheet has been found to work successfully.
6.1.5 Thermocouple Tube and Supports— The tube shall be
of stainless steel having an outside diameter of 3.18 6 0.025
mm(0.125 60.001in.)andfittedwithstainlesssteelcentering
devices as shown in Fig. 1.
6.2 Air Supply System—Shall consist of a calibrated flow-
meter, filtering device, and accessory valves capable of deliv-
ering and maintaining a flow of dust-free air at the rate of 2.58
FIG. 3 Assembled Test Cell in Aluminum Block Heater
60.02g/minbetween15.6and29.4°C(60and85°F)(2L/min
at standard temperature and pressure).
7. Sampling
6.3 Heating Device —An aluminum block heater similar to
that shown in Fig. 4 has been found to be satisfactory. It is
7.1 Each test will require approximately 20 g to fill the
more fully described in Appendix X1.
sample cup for a single run. Therefore, the sample presented
for analysis should be large enough to make possible the
6.4 Thermometers—ASTM thermometers graduated in ei-
selection of a representative portion for testing. Examine the
ther Fahrenheit or Celsius degrees and having a range from−5
sample for any indication of non-homogeneity such as oil
to400°C(20to760°F)andconformingtotherequirementsfor
separation, phase changes, or gross contamination. If any
Thermometers 3C or 3F respectively as described in Specifi-
abnormal conditions are found, obtain a new sample.
cation E1.
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