ASTM C1196-92(1997)

Standard Test Method for In Situ Compressive Stress Within Solid Unit Masonry Estimated Using Flatjack Measurements

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average compressive stress in existing unreinforced solid-unit  masonry. This test method concerns the measurement of in-situ compressive stress in existing masonry by use of thin, bladder-like flatjack devices that are installed in saw cut mortar joints in the masonry wall. This test method provides a relatively non-destructive means of determining masonry properties in place.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-1997
• ICS: 91.060.10 - Walls. Partitions. Facades
• Technical Committee: C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
• Drafting Committee: C15.04 - Research

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C1196-03 - Standard Test Method for In Situ Compressive Stress Within Solid Unit Masonry Estimated Using Flatjack Measurements
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1196 – 92 (Reapproved 1997)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
In Situ Compressive Stress Within Solid Unit Masonry
1
Estimated Using Flatjack Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the 4.1 Stress is applied as pressure over the area of the flatjack.
2
average compressive stress in existing unreinforced solid-unit In the case of multi-wythe masonry, stress is estimated only in
masonry. This test method concerns the measurement of in-situ the wythe in which the flatjack is inserted. Stress in other
compressive stress in existing masonry by use of thin, bladder- wythes may be different.
like flatjack devices that are installed in saw cut mortar joints
5. Apparatus
in the masonry wall. This test method provides a relatively
5.1 Flatjack:
non-destructive means of determining masonry properties in
5.1.1 A flatjack is a thin envelope-like bladder with inlet and
place.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded outlet ports which may be pressurized with hydraulic oil.
Flatjacks may be of any shape in plan, and are designed to be
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only. compatible with the masonry being tested. Typically configu-
rations are shown in Fig. 1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1.2 For determination of the state of compressive stress,
dimension A should be equal to or greater than the length of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- single masonry unit, but not less than 8 in. Dimension B should
be equal to or greater than the thickness of one wythe and not
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
less than three in. (76 mm). The radius, R, for circular and
2. Referenced Documents
semi-rectangular flatjacks shall be equal to the radius of the
2.1 ASTM Standards: circular saw blade used to cut the slot.
E 74 Practice for Calibration of Force Measuring Instru- 5.1.3 Flatjacks shall be made of metal or other material such
ments for Verifying the Load Indication of Testing Ma- that the flatjack in a slot in masonry will be capable of applying
3 4
chines operating pressures up to 1000 psi (6.9 MPa). Metal flatjacks
suitable for this purpose shall be made of type 304 stainless
3. Summary of Test Method
steel sheet of 0.024 in. (0.61 mm) to 0.048 in. (1.2 mm) in
3.1 When a slot is formed in the masonry, compressive
thickness with welded seams along the edges and incorporating
stress at that point will cause the masonry above and below the hydraulic inlet or outlet ports.
slot to move together. Compressive stress in the masonry may
5.1.4 Calibrate all flatjacks as described in Section 7 to
be measured by inserting a flatjack into the slot and increasing
determine their pressure-applied load characteristics.
its internal pressure until the original distance between points 5.2 Hydraulic System—An electrically or manually oper-
above and below the slot is restored. The state of compressive
ated hydraulic pump with hydraulic hoses is required. Hose
stress in the masonry is approximately equal to the flatjack connections shall fit the flatjack inlet port. Measure pressure
pressure multiplied by factors which account for the physical
using gages calibrated to a traceable standard having both an
characteristics of the jack and the ratio of (a) the bearing area accuracy of 1 % of full hydraulic scale and an appropriate
of the jack in contact with the masonry to (b) the bearing area
operating range. The hydraulic system shall be capable of
of the slot. maintaining constant pressure within 1 % of full scale for at
least 5 min.
5.3 Displacement Measurement—Measure displacements
of the masonry by a mechanical gage extensometer which
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-15 on
measures the distance between fixed gage points on the
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C15.04 on Research.
Current edition approved March 15, 1992. Published May 1992.
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Solid-unit masonry is that built with stone, concrete, or clay units whose net A maximum operating pressure of 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) is adequate for older
area is equal
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