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ASTM D2225-04(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation

Standard Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests covered in this standard may be used for quality control and design considerations.  
4.2 Included in each test method is a brief statement describing its significance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of silicone fluids for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both. These methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, referee testing, and research.  
1.2 Although some of the test methods listed here apply primarily to petroleum-based fluids, they are, with minor revisions, equally applicable to silicone fluids.  
1.3 Silicone fluids are used for electrical insulating purposes because of their stable properties at high and low temperatures and their relative environmental inertness.  
1.4 A list of the properties and standards are as follows:    
Property Measured  
Section  
ASTM Test Method  
Physical:  
Color  
6  
D2129  
Flash point  
7  
D92  
Fire point  
7  
D92  
Polychlorinated biphenyl
content  
8  
D4059  
Pour point  
9  
D97  
Refractive index  
10  
D1807  
Specific gravity  
11  
D1298, D1481, D4052  
Volatility  
12  
D4559  
Viscosity  
13  
D445, D2161  
Chemical:  
Neutralization number  
14  
D974  
Water content  
15  
D1533  
Electrical:  
Relative permittivity  
16  
D9242  
Dielectric breakdown
voltage  
17  
D8773  
Dissipation factor  
18  
D9242  
Specific resistance  
19  
D11692  
Compatibility  
20  
D5282
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2012
ICS
29.040.10 - Insulating oils
Technical Committee
D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
Drafting Committee
D27.02 - Gases and Non-Mineral Oil Liquids
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D2225-04(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical InsulationASTM D2225-04(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation
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ASTM D2225-04(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2225 − 04 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Methods for
Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2225; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of silicone fluids
2.1 ASTM Standards:
foruseintransformers,capacitors,andelectronicassembliesas
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
an insulating or cooling medium, or both. These methods are
Open Cup Tester
generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control,
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
referee testing, and research.
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.2 Although some of the test methods listed here apply
ity)
primarily to petroleum-based fluids, they are, with minor
D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
revisions, equally applicable to silicone fluids.
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
1.3 Siliconefluidsareusedforelectricalinsulatingpurposes
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
because of their stable properties at high and low temperatures
D924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)
and their relative environmental inertness.
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
1.4 A list of the properties and standards are as follows:
cal Insulating Liquids
Property Measured Section ASTM Test Method D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
Physical:
Indicator Titration
Color 6 D2129
D1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of
Flash point 7 D92
Fire point 7 D92
Electrical Insulating Liquids
Polychlorinated biphenyl 8 D4059
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
content
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
Pour point 9 D97
Refractive index 10 D1807 ucts by Hydrometer Method
Specific gravity 11 D1298, D1481, D4052
D1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
Volatility 12 D4559
cific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary
Viscosity 13 D445, D2161
Chemical:
Pycnometer
Neutralization number 14 D974
D1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by
Water content 15 D1533
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
Electrical:
Relative permittivity 16 D924
D1807 Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific
Dielectric breakdown 17 D877
Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids
voltage
D1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
Dissipation factor 18 D924
Specific resistance 19 D1169
Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
Compatibility 20 D5282
D2129 Test Method for Color of Clear ElectricalInsulating
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
uids and Gases
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand are the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D27.02 on Gases and Non-Mineral Oil Liquids.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally
approved in 1963 as D2225 – 63 T. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D2225 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/D2225-04R12. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Amodified cell cleaning procedure is given forTest Methods D924 and D1169. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
A modified cell cleaning procedure is recommended for Test Method D877. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2225 − 04 (2012)
D4059 Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphe- 7. Flash and Fire Points
nyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography
7.1 Significance— The flash and fire points of a silicone
D4559 Test Method for Volatile Matter in Silicone Fluid
insulating fluid indicates the limit to which the material may be
D4652 Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical
heated, under the specified test conditions, before the emitted
Insulation
vapors form a flammable mixture in air. Unusually low flash or
D5282 Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Ma-
fire points for a given product may indicate contamination.
terial with Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
7.2 Procedure—Determine the flash and fire points in ac-
3. Terminology cordance with Test Method D92.
3.1 Definitions:
8. Polychlorinated Biphenyl Content
3.1.1 fire point—the temperature at which oil first ignites
8.1 Scope:
and burns for at least 5 s when a small test flame is passed
across the surface under specified conditions. 8.1.1 Test Method D4059—describes a quantitative tech-
nique for determining the concentration of polychlorinated
3.1.2 flash point—the temperature at which vapors above
biphenyls (PCB’s) in electrical insulating liquids.
the oil surface first ignite when a small test flame is passed
across the surface under specified conditions. 8.2 Definition:
8.2.1 PCB concentration—is normally expressed in units of
3.1.3 refractive index—the ratio of the velocity of light (of a
parts per million (PPM) on a weight by weight basis. Standard
specified wavelength) in air at 25°C to its velocity in the
chromatograms of Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 are used to
substance under test.
determine the concentration of PCB in the sample.
3.1.4 specific gravity—the ratio of weight of a given volume
8.3 Summary of Test Method—Following dilution of the
of material to the weight of an equal volume of water. In this
sample in a suitable solvent, the solution is treated to remove
method, both weights are corrected to weight in vacuum, and
interfering substances. A small portion is then injected into a
thematerialisat25°Cusinghydrometerscalibratedat60/60°F.
packedgaschromatographiccolumnwherethecomponentsare
3.1.5 volatility—the weight of liquid lost when a specified
separated and their presence measured by an electron capture
weight of liquid is held at a specified elevated temperature for
or halogen-specific electrolytic conductivity detection. The
a specific period of time.
method is made quantitative by comparing the response of a
3.1.6 water content—theamountofwater(mg/kg)dissolved
sample to that of a known quantity of one or more standard
in the liquid.
Aroclors obtained under the same conditions.
3.1.7 For additional terms refer to Terminology D2864.
8.4 Significance and Use—United States regulations require
that electrical apparatus and electrical insulating fluids contain-
4. Significance and Use
ing PCB be handled and disposed of through the use of specific
4.1 Tests covered in this standard may be used for quality
procedures as determined by the PCB content of the fluid. The
control and design considerations.
resultsofthistestmethodcanbeusefulinselectingappropriate
handling and disposal procedures.
4.2 Included in each test method is a brief statement
describing its significance.
9. Pour Point
5. Sampling
9.1 Significance— The pour point is important as an index
5.1 Accurate sampling, whether of the complete contents or
of the lowest temperature to which the material may be cooled
only parts thereof, is extremely important from the standpoint
without seriously limiting the degree of circulation of the fluid.
of elevation of the quality of the product sampled. Obviously,
9.2 Procedure—Determine the pour point in accordance
examination of a sample that because of careless sampling
with Test Method D97.
procedure or contamination in the sampling equipment is not
directly representative, leads to erroneous conclusions con-
10. Refractive Index
cerning quality.
10.1 Significance— The refractive index is often useful for
5.2 Sample the silicone fluid in accordance with Test
the detection of some types of contamination and for the
Methods D923.
identification of the
...

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4.1 Accurate sampling, whether of the complete contents or only parts thereof, is extremely important from the standpoint of evaluating the quality of the liquid insulant sampled. Obviously, examination of a test specimen that, because of careless sampling procedure or contamination in sampling equipment, is not directly representative, leads to erroneous conclusions concerning quality and in addition results in a loss of time, effort, and expense in securing, transporting, and testing the sample.  
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Section Title  
Section/Paragraph  
Mandatory Conditions and General Information  
Section 5  
Description of Sampling Devices and Containers  
Section 6, Annex A1, Appendix X2  
Most Frequently Used Sampling Techniques for Electrical Apparatus  
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Section 7, Appendix X1, Appendix X2  
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Section 8  
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Section 9  
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Section 10  
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Section 12, Annex A1.2  
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Section 14  
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Section 15, Annex A1.3  
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Section 16  
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Section 17  
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5.1 The primary purpose of this practice is to characterize the carbon-type composition of an oil. It is also applicable in observing the effect on oil constitution, of various refining processes such as hydrotreating, solvent extraction, and so forth. It has secondary application in relating the chemical nature of an oil to other phenomena that have been demonstrated to be related to oil composition.  
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4.1 Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)—This is a measure of the dielectric losses in an electrical insulating liquid when used in an alternating electric field and of the energy dissipated as heat. A low dissipation factor or power factor indicates low ac dielectric losses. Dissipation factor or power factor may be useful as a means of quality control, and as an indication of changes in quality resulting from contamination and deterioration in service or as a result of handling.  
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1.1 This specification covers rerefined previously used mineral insulating liquid of petroleum origin for reuse as an insulating and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers, regulators, reactors, liquid filled circuit breakers, switchgear, and attendant equipment.  
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Standard Specification for Less Flammable High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon Mineral Electrical Insulating Liquids

ABSTRACT
This specification describes a high fire-point mineral oil based electrical insulating fluid, for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatuses, such as transformers and switchgear. The material discussed here is miscible with other petroleum based insulating oils, and may not be miscible with electrical insulating liquids of non-petroleum origin. The insulating oils shall be compatible with typical material of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in its application. This specification applies only to new insulating material oil as received prior to any processing. Sampled specimens shall undergo appropriate tests, and shall conform correspondingly to specified physical (appearance upon visual examination, color in ASTM units, fire point, flash point, aniline point, interfacial tension, pour point, relative density, and kinematic viscosity), electrical (dielectric breakdown voltage, gassing tendency, and dissipation factor), and chemical (corrosion behavior against sulfur, inorganic chlorides and sulfates content, acid number, water content, oxidation stability, oxidation inhibitor content, and PCB content) property requirements.
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1.1 This specification describes a less flammable mineral electrical insulating liquid, for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers and switchgear.  
1.2 Less flammable insulating liquid differs from conventional mineral insulating liquid by possessing a fire-point of at least 300 °C. This property is necessary in order to comply with certain application requirements of the National Electrical Code (Article 450-23) or other agencies. The material discussed in this specification is miscible with other petroleum based insulating liquids. Mixing less flammable liquids with lower fire point hydrocarbon insulating liquids (for example, Specification D3487 mineral liquid) may result in fire points of less than 300 °C.  
1.3 This specification is intended to define a less flammable electrical mineral insulating liquid that is compatible with typical material of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in this application. The material described in this specification may not be miscible with electrical insulating liquids of non-petroleum origin. The user should contact the manufacturer of the less flammable insulating liquid for guidance in this respect.  
1.4 This specification applies only to new electrical insulating liquid as received prior to any processing. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides.2 The user should contact the manufacturers of the equipment or liquid if questions of recommended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D8240-22e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Less-Flammable Synthetic Ester Liquids Used in Electrical Apparatus

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers less-flammable (high fire point) synthetic ester insulating liquids for use as a dielectric and cooling in new and existing electrical power apparatus including power and distribution transformers, switchgear, and other associated equipment  
1.2 Synthetic ester insulating liquids differ from conventional mineral oil and other less-flammable (high fire point) liquids in that they are products derived from the chemical reaction, processing, and physical treatments of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.  
1.3 This specification is intended to define synthetic ester electrical insulating liquids that are compatible with typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and are expected to maintain their functional characteristics in these applications. The material described in this specification is not always miscible with other electrical insulating liquids. The user should contact the manufacturer of the synthetic ester insulating liquid for guidance in this respect.  
1.4 This specification applies only to unused synthetic ester insulating liquids as received prior to any processing. The user should contact the manufacturer of the equipment or liquid, or both, if questions of recommended characteristics or liquid maintenance procedures arise.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1524-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating Liquids in the Field

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 By use of this test method and Test Methods D1500 or D2129 the color and condition of a test specimen of electrical insulating liquid may be estimated during a field inspection, thus assisting in the decision as to whether or not the sample should be sent to a central laboratory for full evaluation. Cloudiness, particles of insulation, products of metal corrosion, or other undesirable suspended materials, as well as any unusual change in color may be detected.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method for visual examination is applicable to electrical insulating liquids that have been used in transformers, oil circuit breakers, or other electrical apparatus as insulating or cooling media, or both.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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