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ASTM D3174-11

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal

Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Ash, as determined by this test method, is the residue remaining after burning the coal and coke. Ash obtained differs in composition from the inorganic constituents present in the original coal. Incineration causes an expulsion of all water, the loss of carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of iron pyrites into ferric oxide, and other chemical reactions. Ash, as determined by this test method, will differ in amount from ash produced in furnace operations and other firing systems because incineration conditions influence the chemistry and amount of the ash. References for correcting ash results determined by this test method to a mineral-matter-free basis are listed in Classification D388, Section 8.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the inorganic residue as ash in the analysis sample of coal or coke as prepared in accordance with Practice D2013 or Practice D346. The results obtained can be applied as the ash in the proximate analysis, Practice D3172, and in the ultimate analysis, Practice D3176. For the determination of the constituents in ash, reference is made to Test Methods D2795 and D3682. See Terminology D121 for definition of ash.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2011
ICS
75.160.10 - Solid fuels
Technical Committee
D05 - Coal and Coke
Drafting Committee
D05.21 - Methods of Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3174-04(2010) - Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D3174-12 - Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM E136-22 - Standard Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D2013/D2013M-21 - Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D121-15 - Standard Terminology of Coal and Coke
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D1857/D1857M-18 - Standard Test Method for Fusibility of Coal and Coke Ash
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3180-15 - Standard Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to Different Bases
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D4326-21 - Standard Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal Ash By X-Ray Fluorescence
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6349-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Coal, Coke, and Solid Residues from Combustion of Coal and Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6357-21b - Standard Test Methods for Determination of Trace Elements in Coal, Coke, and Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7569/D7569M-10(2015)e1 - Standard Practice for Determination of Gas Content of Coal—Direct Desorption Method
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D5114/D5114M-90(2018)e1 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Froth Flotation of Coal in a Mechanical Cell
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3682-21 - Standard Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes by Atomic Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3172-13(2021)e1 - Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D388-23 - Standard Classification of Coals by Rank
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3174 − 11
StandardTest Method for
1
Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3174; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of
Coal and Coke
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the inor-
D3176 Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke
ganic residue as ash in the analysis sample of coal or coke as
D3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses
prepared in accordance with Practice D2013 or Practice D346.
from As-Determined to Different Bases
The results obtained can be applied as the ash in the proximate
D3682 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in
analysis, Practice D3172, and in the ultimate analysis, Practice
Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes
D3176. For the determination of the constituents in ash,
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
reference is made to Test Methods D2795 and D3682. See
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Terminology D121 for definition of ash.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Summary of Test Method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Ash is determined by weighing the residue remaining
standard.
after burning the coal or coke under rigidly controlled condi-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tions of sample weight, temperature, time, atmosphere, and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
equipment specifications.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Ash, as determined by this test method, is the residue
remaining after burning the coal and coke.Ash obtained differs
2. Referenced Documents
in composition from the inorganic constituents present in the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
original coal. Incineration causes an expulsion of all water, the
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
loss of carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of iron
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
pyrites into ferric oxide, and other chemical reactions. Ash, as
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
determined by this test method, will differ in amount from ash
D388 Classification of Coals by Rank
produced in furnace operations and other firing systems be-
D1757 Test Method for Sulfate Sulfur inAsh from Coal and
cause incineration conditions influence the chemistry and
3
Coke (Withdrawn 2009)
amount of the ash. References for correcting ash results
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
determined by this test method to a mineral-matter-free basis
D2795 Test Methods for Analysis of Coal and Coke Ash
are listed in Classification D388, Section 8.
3
(Withdrawn 2001)
D3172 Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke
5. Apparatus
5.1 Electric Muffle Furnace for Coal or Coke—For deter-
mination of ash of coal, the furnace shall have an adequate air
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
circulation and be capable of having its temperature regulated
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods of
Analysis.
at 700 to 750°C. The furnace shall be equipped with a
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally
temperature indicator and means of controlling the temperature
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3174 – 04(2010).
within prescribed limits. Means shall be provided for main-
DOI: 10.1520/D3174-11.
2
taining air flow at a rate of two to four changes per minute (see
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). Combustion gases shall be vented from
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
laboratory. Inlet and outlet ports shall be located and arranged
the ASTM website.
3
to distribute the air uniformly throughout the furnace area
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. without the possibility of sweeping solid particles from the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3174 − 11
(Sugges
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3174–04 (Reapproved 2010) Designation:D3174–11
Standard Test Method for
1
Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3174; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the inorganic residue as ash in the analysis sample of coal or coke as prepared
in accordance with Practice D2013 or Practice D346. The results obtained can be applied as the ash in the proximate analysis,
Practice D3172, and in the ultimate analysis, Practice D3176. For the determination of the constituents in ash, reference is made
to Test Methods D2795 and D3682. See Terminology D121 for definition of ash.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
D388 Classification of Coals by Rank
D1756Test Method for Determination as Carbon Dioxide of Carbonate Carbon in Coal
D1757 Test Method for Sulfate Sulfur in Ash from Coal and Coke
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D2795 Test Methods for Analysis of Coal and Coke Ash
D3172 Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke
D3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3176 Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke
D3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to Different Bases
D3682 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Ash is determined by weighing the residue remaining after burning the coal or coke under rigidly controlled conditions of
sample weight, temperature, time, atmosphere, and equipment specifications.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Ash, as determined by this test method, is the residue remaining after burning the coal and coke. Ash obtained differs in
composition from the inorganic constituents present in the original coal. Incineration causes an expulsion of all water, the loss of
carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of iron pyrites into ferric oxide, and other chemical reactions.Ash, as determined
by this test method, will differ in amount from ash produced in furnace operations and other firing systems because incineration
conditions influence the chemistry and amount of the ash. References for correcting ash results determined by this test method to
a mineral-matter-free basis are listed in Classification D388, Section 8.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods ofAnalysis.
Current edition approved Dec.April 1, 2010.2011. Published JanuaryApril 2011. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
D3174 – 04(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D3174-04R10.10.1520/D3174-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3174–11
5. Apparatus
5.1 Electric Muffle Furnace for Coal or Coke—For determination of ash of coal, the furnace shall have an adequate air
circulation and be capable of having its temperature regulated at 700 to 750°C. The furnace shall be equipped with a temperature
indicator and means of controlling the temperature within prescribed limits. Means shall be provided for maintaining air flow at
a ra
...

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SCOPE
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1.1 This test method covers the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in ash from coal using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques.
Note 1: Test Method D5016 is used for determination of sulfur.
Note 2: Although not included in the present method, the determination of barium, strontium, and manganese may be required to yield adequate totals.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6349-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Coal, Coke, and Solid Residues from Combustion of Coal and Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A compositional analysis of coal and coke and their associated combustion residues are often useful in assessing their quality. Knowledge of the elemental composition of the associated residues is also useful in predicting the elemental enrichment/depletion compositional behavior of ashes and slags in comparison to the mass fraction in the parent coal. Utilization of the ash by-products and hazardous potential may also depend on the chemical composition and leachability of the inorganic constituents of the coal ash.  
5.2 The chemical composition of laboratory-prepared ash may not exactly represent the composition of mineral matter in coal or the composition of fly ash and slag resulting from commerical-scale burning of the coal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in coal, coke, and solid residues from combustion of coal and coke. These residues may be laboratory ash, bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and other combustion process residues.
Note 1: There are two interlaboratory studies associated with this test method. The first was conducted in 1997 ( RR:D05-1035)2 and the second was conducted in 2007 ( RR:D05-1032).3 Sulfur trioxide was only included in the 2007 study, and that study only included combustion residues derived from ash and no combustion residues derived from coke.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D167/D167M-21a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Apparent and True Specific Gravity and Porosity of Lump Coke

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Apparent and true specific gravity, as determined by this test method, are influenced by the type of coals carbonized and the operating and preparational conditions of that carbonization, that is, charge bulk density, heating rate, and pulverization level. In turn, these properties directly influence the performance in processes using coke.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of apparent specific gravity (Sections 5 to 9) and true specific gravity (Sections 10 to 14) of lump coke larger than 25 mm [1 in.] size and calculating porosity (Section 15) from the specific gravity data.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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