ASTM F1577-05(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Detention Locks for Swinging Doors
Standard Test Methods for Detention Locks for Swinging Doors
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A major concern for detention and correctional administrative officials is the reliable operation of locks used in their facilities. These test methods aid in assigning a level of physical security and performance to locks for swinging door assemblies.
These test methods evaluate the resistance of a lock to attacks using battering devices, prying devices, and fire. These test methods also evaluate the performance of a lock under simulated operating conditions. These test methods do not provide a measure of the resistance or performance of a lock subjected to attack by chemical agents, ballistics, explosives, or other extreme methods of attack. These test methods do not measure the resistance or performance of the device when subjected to environmental elements such as rain, snow, or wind-carried dust or sand. Where such elements may be a factor, the manufacturer should be consulted for proper application.
The primary purpose of these test methods is to approximate the levels of abuse and operating conditions to which locks are subjected in detention and correctional institutions. The desired result of these test methods will provide a measure of assurance of protection to the correctional personnel, public, and inmates.
It is recommended that the detention/correctional facility administration provide adequate training, supervision, and preventative maintenance programs to enable door assemblies to function as intended throughout the expected service life.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus, procedures, and acceptance conditions for evaluating the normal operational performance and the performance characteristics under assault conditions of locks used in swinging door assemblies in detention and correctional institutions. Thus, they give only an indication of the performance characteristics of locks in actual service. Such variables as installation and maintenance conditions are not considered.
1.2 It is the intent of these test methods to help ensure that detention locks perform at or above minimum acceptable levels to control passage to unauthorized or secure areas, to confine inmates, and to delay and frustrate escape attempts and resist vandalism. It is recognized that in order to meet the intent of these test methods, door and frame assemblies must be compatible with the level of performance required by Test Methods F1450.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F1577 − 05 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Methods for
Detention Locks for Swinging Doors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1577; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F1592Test Methods for Detention Hollow Metal Vision
Systems
1.1 Thesetestmethodscovertheapparatus,procedures,and
F1643Test Methods for Detention Sliding Door Locking
acceptance conditions for evaluating the normal operational
Device Assembly
performance and the performance characteristics under assault
F1758 Test Methods for Detention Hinges Used on
conditions of locks used in swinging door assemblies in
Detention-Grade Swinging Doors
detention and correctional institutions.Thus, they give only an
F1915Test Methods for Glazing for Detention Facilities
indication of the performance characteristics of locks in actual
2.2 ANSI Standard:
service. Such variables as installation and maintenance condi-
ANSI A156.5Auxiliary Locks and Associated Products
tions are not considered.
2.3 UL Standards:
1.2 It is the intent of these test methods to help ensure that
UL-437Standard for Key Locks
detentionlocksperformatoraboveminimumacceptablelevels
UL-1034Standard for Burglary Resistant Electric Locking
to control passage to unauthorized or secure areas, to confine
Mechanisms
inmates, and to delay and frustrate escape attempts and resist
vandalism. It is recognized that in order to meet the intent of
3. Terminology
these test methods, door and frame assemblies must be
3.1 Definitions:
compatible with the level of performance required by Test
3.1.1 Bolts:
Methods F1450.
3.1.1.1 bolt projections, n—distance the lock bolt extends
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
from the lock case measured with the lock bolt in an extended
as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information
position.
only.
3.1.1.2 dead bolt, n—lock component having an end that
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the protrudes from or is withdrawn into the lock front by action of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the lock mechanism by rotating the key or thumb turn. When
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the door is closed and the dead bolt is thrown, it extends into
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- a hole provided in the strike, locking the door, and will not
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
return with end pressure.
3.1.1.3 deadlocking latch bolt, adj—component that, when
2. Referenced Documents
actuated, automatically locks the projected latch bolt against
2.1 ASTM Standards: return by end pressure. Also referred to as an auxiliary latch
E152TestMethodforFireTestsOfDoorAssemblies(With- bolt or roller bolt.
drawn 1995) 3.1.1.4 latch bolt, n—lock component having a beveled end
F1450Test Methods for Hollow Metal Swinging Door that projects from the lock front in its extended position but
Assemblies for Detention and Correctional Facilities may be forced back into the lock case by end pressure or
drawingbackbyactionofthelockmechanism.Whenthedoor
is closed, the latch bolt projects into a hole provided in the
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 on
strike, holding the door in a closed position. Sometimes
Detention and Correctional Facilities and are the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee F33.04 on Detention Hardware.
referred to as a snapbolt.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
3.1.2 bolt throw, n—distance the lock bolt travels from a
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1577–05. DOI:
retracted to a fully extended position.
10.1520/F1577-05R12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3 5
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333
www.astm.org. Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
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F1577 − 05 (2012)
3.1.3 cylinder, n—subassembly of a lock containing a plug 4. Significance and Use
with a key slot and tumbler mechanism.
4.1 A major concern for detention and correctional admin-
3.1.3.1 builders hardware cylinder, adj—key cylinder of istrative officials is the reliable operation of locks used in their
similar design to the mogul cylinder except smaller (1 ⁄32 in. facilities. These test methods aid in assigning a level of
(40 mm) in diameter), with keys and internal parts at least half physical security and performance to locks for swinging door
the size of mogul cylinders. Also known as commercial assemblies.
cylinders and mortise cylinders. See ANSI A156.5, 6.9.
4.2 These test methods evaluate the resistance of a lock to
3.1.3.2 mogul cylinder, adj—pin tumbler cylinder approxi- attacks using battering devices, prying devices, and fire.These
test methods also evaluate the performance of a lock under
mately 2 in. (51 mm) in diameter, 2 in. long.
simulated operating conditions. These test methods do not
3.1.3.3 mogul key, adj—oversized key designed to fit the
provide a measure of the resistance or performance of a lock
1 5
mogulcylinder,whichisapproximately1 ⁄2in.(38mm)by3 ⁄8
subjected to attack by chemical agents, ballistics, explosives,
in. (92 mm).
or other extreme methods of attack. These test methods do not
3.1.3.4 paracentric cylinder, commonly referred to as a
measure the resistance or performance of the device when
lever tumbler cylinder, adj—key cylinder consisting of a
subjected to environmental elements such as rain, snow, or
cylinder that is an integral part of the lock.
wind-carried dust or sand. Where such elements may be a
factor, the manufacturer should be consulted for proper appli-
3.1.3.5 paracentric key, commonly referred to as a lever
cation.
tumbler key, adj—paracentrickeysarebetween4in.(102mm)
and 5 in. (153 mm) long, with large ends or bows, which may
4.3 Theprimarypurposeofthesetestmethodsistoapproxi-
be as large as 2 ⁄2 in. (63 mm) wide.
mate the levels of abuse and operating conditions to which
locks are subjected in detention and correctional institutions.
3.1.4 detention security, adj—assurance of the restriction of
Thedesiredresultofthesetestmethodswillprovideameasure
mobilityofinmatestodesignatedareaswithinacorrectionalor
ofassuranceofprotectiontothecorrectionalpersonnel,public,
detention facility.
and inmates.
3.1.5 hand tools, n—items permitted for use in disengaging
4.4 It is recommended that the detention/correctional facil-
a lock when it fails to disengage, either remotely or manually;
ity administration provide adequate training, supervision, and
suchitemsaretoolscommonlycarriedinacorrectionalfacility
preventative maintenance programs to enable door assemblies
maintenance tool kit: hand screwdrivers (various sizes and tip
to function as intended throughout the expected service life.
configurations including tips for coverplate security screws),
claw hammer, ball peen hammer, chisel, pliers (any common
5. Sample Selection, Construction, and Size
size), and vise grips.
5.1 Sample locks shall be randomly selected and shall be
3.1.6 hinged door, adj—door equipped with hinges that
representative of the types and styles intended for use in the
permit it to swing about the hinge axis.
application of these test methods.
3.1.7 hollow metal, n—term used in reference to such items
5.2 The manufacturer shall permanently mark the test
asdoors,frames,partitions,enclosures,andotheritemsthatare
sample and retain them at the manufacturing facility for future
fabricated from sheet metal. These products are internally
reference. Instead of test samples, the manufacturer shall
reinforced but hollow, hence the term hollow metal.
provide a certified procedure for the construction of tested
3.1.8 locks, n—fastening device that secures a door or
assemblies.
window assembly against unauthorized use. A lock generally
5.3 The test assembly shall be certified by an independent,
includes the cylinder, bolt, strike, knobs, or levers.
third-party testing and certification agency; any change of
3.1.9 manufacturer, n—party responsible for the fabrication
components or assembly methods or processes shall be certi-
of the lock.
fied in writing by the testing certification agency. The agency
shall have the sole authority to decide the extent and scope of
3.1.10 performance characteristics, n—response attributes
retesting required.
of the lock in any one of the tests described.
5.4 Test reports shall include complete details and photo-
3.1.11 strike or strike plate, n—metal plate attached to or
graphs of the test specimen, the testing apparatus, and instal-
mortised into the door or frame to receive and hold a projected
lation instructions including templates for all items of hard-
latch bolt or dead bolt, or both, in order to secure the door to
ware.
the jamb.
3.1.12 strike box, n—housing used in the back of the strike 6. Test Methods
to enclose the bolt or bolt opening.
6.1 A test sample shall consist of a minimum of one lock.
3.1.13 testing laboratory, n—independent testing laboratory Thetestmethodsthatfollowmayconsistofindependentsetups
not associated with the manufacturer.
and procedures.
3.1.14 trim, n—trim shall include knobs or lever handles 6.2 Impact Test—Locks shall comply with the following.
used to retract the latch bolt or to act as a pull when the latch 6.2.1 Scope—This test method is designed to evaluate the
bolt is inoperative. capability of a detention lock to resist repeated impact forces.
F1577 − 05 (2012)
TABLE 1 Impact Test Criteria
6.2.2 Significance and Use—This test method is intended to
A
closely simulate a sustained battering ram-style attack and Security Grade Number of Impacts Element of Time
provide an evaluation of the capability of the lock to prevent, 1 600 60 min
2 400 40 min
delay, or frustrate escape or access to unauthorized areas, or
3 200 20 min
combination thereof. The test results are intended to aid in
4 100 10 min
assigning a level of physical security to various configurations
A
Element of time is based on the assumption that sustained manpower can
of detention locks.An impact test of this design performed on
deliver 400 blows of 200 ft·lb (271.2 J) each in 40 min. Since 400 blows is the
number of impacts a Grade 2 lock must absorb and still be operational, in
a detention lock evaluates the impact strength of the lock and
accordance with in 6.2.5, it is assumed failure of the Grade 2 lock will occur after
its components as well as the quality of fabrication techniques.
40 min.The element of time assigned to the various grades of locks is adjusted to
6.2.3 Apparatus: achieve more manageable time periods than actual calculations provide. The
element of time is hypothetical and is offered solely as a design suggestion.
6.2.3.1 Impactor—The impactor shall consist of a hinged or
pivoted system with a mass capable of delivering impacts of
200ft·lb(271.2J)toahingedpanelsimulatingadoormounted
in a frame assembly.The striking surface of the impactor shall
panel along a centerline through the lock bolt space at 6 in.
be made from C1010–C1020 carbon steel and have a striking
2 2 (152 mm) from the strike.
surface area of 4.0 6 0.04 in. (25.8 cm ) (see Fig. 1). (Refer
6.2.5 Test Termination and Conditions of Acceptance—The
to Appendix X1.)
lock shall remain engaged and the door panel shall remain in
6.2.4 Procedure—Install the lock in a test fixture simulating
place throughout the testing. Failure of the lock to remain
a door and frame assembly.The anchoring method for the lock
engaged or the door panel to remain closed shall constitute
and the strike, where the strike is normally required with the
failure. Upon completion of the impact series, an attempt shall
lock, shall accurately simulate the manufacturer’s mounting
be made to manually disengage the lock. If the lock will not
procedures. Using the test apparatus in accordance with 6.2.3,
disengage by remote or key operation or by use of commonly
deliverthenumberofimpactsof200ft·lb(271.2J)asrequired
available hand tools, it shall constitute failure.
for the grade level being tested. See Table 1 for the number of
6.2.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
required impacts. The point of impact shall be on the door
abouteithertheprecisionorbiasoftheimpacttestwithinthese
test methods since the test result is nonquantitative.
6.3 Fire Test—When specified for fire doors, locks shall
comply with the following:
6.3.1 The door assembly with the required lock shall be
subjectedtofireenduranceandhosestreamtestsinaccordance
with Methods E152 or equivalent.
6.3.2 Test Termination and Conditions of Acceptance—The
acceptance criteria of fire ratings shall be in accordance with
Methods E152, or equivalent. If a manufacturer omits design
options in the fire test, those options will not be permitted in
production models that are required to carry fire ratings.
6.3.3 Precision and Bias—The precision and bias of the fire
test method within these test methods are essentially as
specified in the test method utilized (Methods E152 or equiva-
lent).
6.4 Cylinder Test—Locks shall comply with the following.
6.4.1 Scope—The lock mechanical key cylinder shall be
tested to evaluate the capabilities of the cylinder and key to
continuously function independent of the lock mechanism
under normal operating conditions. Cycle tests in accordance
with Table 2 shall be performed. Also test the cylinder for
resistance to tool attack, pick resistance, and forcing tests in
A
TABLE 2 Cylinder and Key Test Cycles
Type Number of Cycles Cylinder Torque
Mogul 1 000 000 8 in.·lb (0.9 NM)
B
Builders hardware 100 000 4 in.·lb (0.45 NM)
Paracentric 50 000 tested in lock assembly
A
Cylinders and keys must be capable of successfully completing the test method
inaccordancewith6.6.At83-lbfside-load,thekey,andcylindermustexertatleast
85 in.·lb of torque without breaking.
B
Builders hardware cycle requirement exceeds ANSI A156.5.
FIG. 1 Swing Lock Impactor
F1577 − 05 (2012)
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