Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30-min) Heating Time

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. It simulates a problem that may be encountered in a new engine run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of storage with some water in the oil.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D6795-02 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30-min) Heating Time
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Please
contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:D6795–02
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After
Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30-min)
Heating Time
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6795; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
this test method. However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessmentofthetestresultsobtainedonthoseoilsbythelaboratory(seeAnnexA1).Bythesemeans,
the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those
obtainedbyotherlaboratories.Furthermore,variousagenciesrequirethatalaboratoryutilizetheTMC
services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes
such a requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see Annex A1).
For other information, refer to the research report of this test method.
1. Scope D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ten-
D 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
dency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter.
D 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Itsimulatesaproblemthatmaybeencounteredinanewengine
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)
run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of
D 5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in the
storage with some water in the oil.
Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Engine
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
etry
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 calibrate, v—to determine the indication or output of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 344
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3.1.2 calibration test, n—a test, using a coded reference oil,
conducted as specified in the test method.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The test result is used to determine the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
suitability of the testing facility/laboratory to conduct such
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
tests on non-reference oils.
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published September 2002.
3.1.3 candidate oil, n—an oil that is intended to have the
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 152006-4489.
performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
This test method is supplemented by Information Letters and Memoranda issued by
theASTM Test Monitoring Center. Users of this test method can contact theASTM
Test Monitoring Center to obtain the most recent of these.
3 5
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02–1529. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
4 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Please
contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D6795–02
and is tested against that specification. D 5844 6. Apparatus
3.1.4 engine oil, n—a liquid that reduces friction or wear, or
6.1 Theapparatusconsistsofa25-mLburette,afilterholder
both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes
with 25-µm automotive oil filter paper, and a source of 69 6 2
heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as
kPa (10 6 0.3 psi) air pressure. Discs of filter paper are cut to
a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.
fit the holder and installed (see Fig. 1).
3.1.4.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
6.1.1 Burette (glass or plastic), 25 mL, with polytetrafluo-
certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit forma-
roethylene (PTFE) stopcock and 1.8 6 0.1 mm burette tip
tion, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are examples.
opening.
D 5862
6.1.2 Air Regulator, capable of regulating air to a pressure
3.1.5 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference
of 69 6 2 kPa (10 6 0.3 psi).
oil–such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-
6.1.3 Filter Holder, with effective filter area approximately
date oil. D 5844
0.8 cm .
3.1.6 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance char-
6.1.4 Automotive Oil Filter Paper, 25 mm, (25-µm poros-
acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
ity).
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Reference oils are used to calibrate
6.2 Blender, capable of 18 000 r/min. 610 % without the
testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or
container.
to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with
6.2.1 Timer, capable of timing 30 61s.
oils. D 5844
6.3 Container, 250 mL, with blade compatible with the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
blender.
3.2.1 effective filter area, n—that surface of a test filter that
6.4 Syringe, 1000 µL.
can receive the material to be filtered.
6.5 Dry Ice (solid carbon dioxide).
3.2.2 new oil, n—an unused oil having the identical formu-
6.6 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintaining
lation and base stock as the test oil.
70 6 1°C.
3.2.3 test oil, n—the new oil with water added and dry ice
6.7 Sensors (or equivalent timing devices), capable of mea-
added.
suring sequential events to 1 s resolution.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—A potential precipitate in the test oil is
6.8 Glass Jars, 60 mL, with inert lined lids.
induced by heating the oil and aging.
7. Reagents
4. Summary of Test Method
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all
4.1 The test oil is treated with deionized water and dry ice. tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents
The sample is heated to 70°C for 30 min, followed by storage
shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on
at room temperature. The sample is filtered and the flow rate is AnalyticalReagentsoftheAmericanChemicalSociety, where
calculated determining the engine oil filterability characteris-
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
tics. provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
5. Significance and Use the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an
to water shall be understood to mean Specification D 1193
internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubri-
Type III deionized water or water of equivalent purity.
cant and be retained in it.
7.3 TMC Reference Oils—These are available from the Test
5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then
Monitoring Center.
stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combus-
tion may be retained in the oil in a liquefied state.
8. Sampling
5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that
impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run. 8.1 Take samples in accordance with the instructions in
Practice D 4057.
5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to
the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can be
determined.
5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test
The sole source of supply of the automotive oil filter paper known to the
method is known, are available.
committee at this time is The Central Parts Distributor, OH Technologies Inc., P.O.
5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also be
Box5039,Mentor,OH44061-5039.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,please
provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known
receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee ,
to give a low and one known to give a high data value for this
which you may attend.
test method.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
NOTE 1—When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
test results for a specification, such as Specification D 4485, the specifi-
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
cation will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction)
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., (USPC), Rockville,
of the test oil as compared to the new oil. MD.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Please
contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D6795–02
NOTE—Filter holder has approximate area of 0.8 cm . It contains automotive oil filter paper (25 µm porosity).
FIG. 1 Apparatus to Measure Engine Oil Filterability
9. Preparation of Test Oil Sample and Filter Pressurize the system to 69 6 2 kPa (10 6 0.3 psi), open the
stopcock, and measure the flow time for each successive 5 mL
9.1 Mix 49.7 6 0.1 g of test oil, 0.3 6 0.05 g (0.3 6 0.05
of oil between the 0 and 25-mL graduations.
mLwith the 1000-µLsyringe) of deionized water and approxi-
10.3 Todeterminethetestoilflowrate,theflowtimesofthe
mately 10 g of dry ice in the blender for 30 61sat18000
new oil are first determined in accordance with 10.2. Using the
r/min 610 %. Cover the top of the container loosely to prevent
same filter disc, filter holder, and burette, reduce the new oil
oil spattering while allowing rapid vaporization of the dry ice.
levelintheburettetothelowestlevelthatallowsnoairbubbles
9.2 Transfer the sample to a 60-mLwide-mouth glass bottle
1 below the stopcock. Disconnect the air line and fill the burette
and place the loosely capped ( ⁄4 turn) bottle in an oven at 70.0
with a well-mixed sample of test oil to a level 1 to 2 cm above
6 1.0°C for 30 6 2 min. Remove from the oven, tighten cap
the0mark.Pressurizethesystemto69 62kPa(10 60.3psi),
and allow to cool to room temperature (20 to 24°C).
open the stopcock, and measure the flow time for each
9.3 Store in dark at room temperature (20 to 24°C).
successive 5 mL of oil between the 0 and 25-mL graduations.
9.4 Determine filterability 48 6 2 h after removing the
10.4 Run each non-reference and reference oil in duplicate;
sample from the oven.
repeat Section 9 and 10.1 to 10.4 for each non-reference and
9.5 Dry filters in an oven at 70 6 2°C for 30 6 2 min and
each reference oil.
store in a desiccator until used.
10.5 For TMC-monitored tests, run the TMC reference oil
on the same day as the non-reference oil.
10. Procedure
10.6 For tests not monitored by the TMC, an in-house
10.1 Assemble apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 with filter
quality assurance oil can be used in place of the TMC
installed in proper orientation (25-µm smooth side up).
reference.
10.2 Determine the new oil flow rate by placing a sample of
the new oil in the burette. Pressurize the system and force at
11. Calculation
least 10 mLof oil through the filter to saturate the filter with oil
and remove any air bubbles. Disconnect the air line and fill the 11.1 Calculate the flow rate for the new oil and the test oil
burette with new oil to a level 1 to 2 cm above the 0 mark. for each 5-mL portion of oil using Eq 1:
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Please
contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D6795–02
A
completion of the test analysis. Include all of the reporting
flow rate 5 (1)
B
forms in the transmission.
where: NOTE 4—Specific protocols for the electronic transmission of test data
to the TMC are available from the TMC.
A = volume of oil, and
B = flow time.
12.1.5 Evaluation of Reference Test Oil Results—Upon
11.2 Calculate the percent change in flow rate of the test oil
receipt of the transmitted TMC reference oil test results, the
relative to the new oil with the final oil flow rates (between 20
TMC will review the test for operational adherence to the
and 25 mL measured with the same filter disc) using Eq 2:
published test method. If the test is found to be operationally
E 2 D
valid, the reference oil results will be evaluated using accep-
percent change in flow rate 5 3 100 (2)
D
tance criteria established by the governing surveillance panel.
The reference oil acceptance criteria are subject to change at
where:
the discretion of the surveillance panel.
D = final new oil flow rate, and
12.1.5.1 If the transmitted test is found to be both opera-
E = final test oil flow rate.
tionally valid and statistically acceptable, the testing laboratory
will be notified of the acceptable status of the reference test.
12. TMC Reference Oil Testing
The uncoded TMC reference oil identification will also be
12.1 Test a TMC-coded reference oil along with each batch
disclosed to the testing laboratory.
of non-reference oil tests. Run the reference oil simultaneously
12.1.5.2 In the event that a TMC reference oil test is found
with, and in the same batch as, the non-reference oils.
to be unacceptable, an explanation of the problem relating to
NOTE 2—AnnexA1 discusses the involvement of theASTMTMC with
the failure will be provided to the testing laboratory. If there is
respect to the reference test-monitoring program.
an obvious operational reason for t
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