ASTM D4516-00(2006)e1

Standard Practice for Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
During the operation of an RO system, system conditions such as pressure, temperature, conversion, and feed concentration can vary, causing permeate flow and salt passage to change. To effectively evaluate system performance, it is necessary to compare permeate flow and salt passage data at the same conditions. Since data may not always be obtained at the same conditions, it is necessary to convert the RO data obtained at actual conditions to a set of selected constant conditions, thereby standardizing the data. This practice gives the procedure to standardize RO data.
This practice can be used for both spiral wound and hollow fiber systems.
This practice can be used for a single element or a multi-element system. However, if the RO system is brine staged, that is, the brine from one group of RO devices is the feed to a second group of RO devices, standardize the permeate flow and salt passage for each stage separately.
This practice is applicable for reverse osmosis systems with high rejections and with no significant leaks between the feed-brine and permeate streams.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the standardization of permeate flow and salt passage data for reverse osmosis (RO) systems.
1.2 This practice is applicable to waters including brackish waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste waters.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2006
• ICS: 71.120.99 - Other equipment for the chemical industry
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4516-00 - Standard Practice for Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006
• Replaced By: ASTM D4516-00(2010) - Standard Practice for Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data (Withdrawn 2019)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D5615-21 - Standard Practice for Operating Characteristics of Home Reverse Osmosis Devices
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2006

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
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Designation:D4516–00 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practice for
Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Sections 2 and 3.1 were updated editorially in February 2007.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice covers the standardization of permeate 5.1 During the operation of an RO system, system condi-
flow and salt passage data for reverse osmosis (RO) systems. tions such as pressure, temperature, conversion, and feed
1.2 This practice is applicable to waters including brackish concentration can vary, causing permeate flow and salt passage
waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste to change. To effectively evaluate system performance, it is
waters. necessary to compare permeate flow and salt passage data at
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the the same conditions. Since data may not always be obtained at
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the same conditions, it is necessary to convert the RO data
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- obtained at actual conditions to a set of selected constant
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- conditions, thereby standardizing the data. This practice gives
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. the procedure to standardize RO data.
5.2 This practice can be used for both spiral wound and
2. Referenced Documents
hollow fiber systems.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.3 This practice can be used for a single element or a
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
multi-element system. However, if the RO system is brine
D4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re- staged, that is, the brine from one group of RO devices is the
verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
feedtoasecondgroupofROdevices,standardizethepermeate
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltra- flow and salt passage for each stage separately.
tion, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Pro-
5.4 This practice is applicable for reverse osmosis systems
cesses
with high rejections and with no significant leaks between the
feed-brine and permeate streams.
3. Terminology
6. Procedure
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
Terminologies D1129 and D6161. 6.1 Standardization of Permeate Flow:
3.2 For description of terms relating to reverse osmosis,
6.1.1 Calculate the permeate flow at standard conditions
refer to Test Method D4194 and Terminology D6161. using Eq 1:
DP
fbs
4. Summary of Practice
P 2 2 P 2p 1p ~TCF !
F G
fs ps fbs ps s
Q 5 ~Q ! (1)
4.1 This practice consists of calculating the permeate flow ps pa
DP
fba
P 2 2 P 2p 1p ~TCF !
F G
and salt passage of RO systems at a standard set of conditions fa pa fba pa a
using data obtained at actual operating conditions.
where:
Q = permeate flow at standard conditions,
ps
P = feed pressure at standard conditions, kpa,
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
fs
DP
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion = one half device pressure drop at standard condi-
fbs
Exchange Materials.
tions, kpa,
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2006. Published February 2007. Originally
P = permeate pressure at standard conditions, kpa,
ps
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4516 – 00 . DOI:
p = feed-brine osmotic pressure at standard condi-
fbs
10.1520/D4516-00R06E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or tions, kpa,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
p = permeate osmotic pressure at standard condi-
ps
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
tions, kpa,
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4516–00 (2006)
T 225!
s
TCF 5 1.03~ (3)
TCF = temperature correction factor at standard condi-
s
s
tions, ~T 225!
a
TCF 5 1.03 (4)
a
Q = permeate flow at actual conditions,
pa
P = feed pressure at actual conditions, kpa,
where:
fa
DP
= one half device pressure drop at actual condi-
fba T = temperature at standard conditions, °C, and
s
2 tions, kpa,
T = temperature at actual conditions, °C.
a
P = permeate pressure at actual conditions, kpa,
pa
6.4 In Eq 1 and Eq 2, p and p are calculated from the
fba fbs
p = feed-brine osmotic pressure at actual conditions,
fba
concentration of salt (expressed as mg/LNaCl) in the feed and
kpa,
brine streams. SeeAnnexA1 for the procedure to calculate the
p = permeate osmotic pressure at actual conditions,
pa
concentrations of salt in feed stream as mg/L NaCl.
kpa, and
6.4.1 The concentration of salt in the brine stream is
TCF = temperature correction factor at actual condi-
a
calculated using Eq 5:
tions.
C 5 C /~1 2 Y! (5)
b f
6.2 Standardization of Salt Passage:
6.2.
...