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ASTM D4582-23

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis

Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In the design and operation of reverse osmosis installations, it is important to predict the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concentrate stream. Because of the increase in total dissolved solids in the concentrate stream and the differences in salt passages for calcium ion, bicarbonate ion, and free CO2, the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concentrate stream will generally be quite different from those of the feed solution. This practice permits the calculation of the S & DSI for the concentrate stream from the feed water analyses and the reverse osmosis operating parameters.  
5.2 A positive S & DSI indicates the tendency to form a calcium carbonate scale, which can be damaging to reverse osmosis performance. This practice gives procedures for the adjustment of the S & DSI.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index (S & DSI) for the concentrate stream of a reverse osmosis device. This index is used to determine the need for calcium carbonate scale control in the operation and design of reverse osmosis installations. This practice is applicable for concentrate streams containing more than 10 000 mg/L of total dissolved solids. For concentrate streams containing less than 10 000 mg/L of total dissolved solids, refer to Practice D3739.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Jun-2023
ICS
71.120.99 - Other equipment for the chemical industry
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D4582-23 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse OsmosisASTM D4582-23 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis
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ASTM D4582-23 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4582 − 23
Standard Practice for
Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability
1
Index for Reverse Osmosis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4582; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope in Water (Withdrawn 1989)
D3739 Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Lan-
1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of
gelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
the Stiff and Davis Stability Index (S & DSI) for the concen-
D4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-
trate stream of a reverse osmosis device. This index is used to
verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
determine the need for calcium carbonate scale control in the
D4195 Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and
operation and design of reverse osmosis installations. This
Nanofiltration Application
practice is applicable for concentrate streams containing more
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
than 10 000 mg ⁄L of total dissolved solids. For concentrate
Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
streams containing less than 10 000 mg ⁄L of total dissolved
solids, refer to Practice D3739.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in the
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
practice, refer to Terminologies D1129 and D6161.
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 alkalinity, n—the quantitative capacity of aqueous
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
media to react with hydrogen ions; “M” alkalinity is that which
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
will react with acid as the pH of the sample is reduced to the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
methylorange endpoint of about 4.5; “P” alkalinity is that
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
which reacts with acid as the pH of the sample is reduced to the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
phenolphthalein end point of 8.3; “M” is the total alkalinity
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
which is the sum of hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
contents and “P” includes all the hydroxyl and half the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
carbonate content.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.2 calcium carbonate equivalents (mg/L as CaCO ), n—a
3
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
method for expressing mg/L as ion in terms of calcium
carbonate; concentration in calcium carbonate equivalents is
2. Referenced Documents
calculated by multiplying concentration in mg/L of the ion by
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the equivalent weight of calcium carbonate (50) and dividing
D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water
by the equivalent weight of the ion.
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
3.2.3 concentrate, n—the stream exiting a crossflow mem-
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
brane device which has increased concentration of solutes and
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
particles over the feed stream; portion of the feed stream which
D1888 Methods Of Test for Particulate and Dissolved Matter
does not pass through the membrane; the stream in which
dissolved solids or particulates, or both, are concentrated in a
1 membrane separation process.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
3.2.4 feed water, n—that water entering a device or process.
Exchange Materials.
3.2.5 ionic strength, n—measure of the overall electrolytic
Current edition approved June 15, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4582 – 10 which was
potential of a solution, the strength of a solution based on both
withdrawn January 2019 and reinstated in June 2023. DOI: 10.1520/D4582-23.
the concentrations and valencies of the ions present.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standar
...

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ASTM D3923-23(Practice)
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5.1 These practices may be used to determine whether a RO or NF device is free of leaks if the mechanical integrity of the device is to be confirmed. They may also be used to detect leaks in RO or NF devices whose operating performance indicates a possible leak. These practices may be used for either new or used devices.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover detecting leaks in which there is a direct communication between the feed or concentrate, or both, and the permeate. Several types of leaks are possible with the various configurations of reverse-osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) devices.  
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Sections  
Practice A—Tube Sheet and O-Ring Leak Test for Hollow
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3923-23(Practice)
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5.1 These practices may be used to determine whether a RO or NF device is free of leaks if the mechanical integrity of the device is to be confirmed. They may also be used to detect leaks in RO or NF devices whose operating performance indicates a possible leak. These practices may be used for either new or used devices.
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1.1 These practices cover detecting leaks in which there is a direct communication between the feed or concentrate, or both, and the permeate. Several types of leaks are possible with the various configurations of reverse-osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) devices.  
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Sections  
Practice A—Tube Sheet and O-Ring Leak Test for Hollow
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8 to 9  
Practice B—Vacuum Test for Spiral Wound Devices  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract.  
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4.2.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testin...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.  
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Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
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Rockwell  
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Portable  
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4.1 Using the procedures and apparatus in Sections 8 and 9 and the manufacturer's instructions, pressure-tight joints as strong as the pipe itself can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe and fittings. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.
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1.1 This guide demonstrates proper methods for installing a central-vacuum system.  
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This specification covers chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical general requirements for metal injection molded (MIM) cobalt-28chromium-6molybddenum components to be used in manufacturing surgical implants. In this specification, the MIM components covered may have been densified beyond their as-sintered density by post-sinter processing. For the chemical requirements, the components supplied in this specification must conform in accordance to the chemical requirements specified herein in Table 1. The product analysis tolerances must also conform to the product tolerances presented in Table 2. The specification also enumerates the mechanical requirements for MIM components wherein the tensile properties of the MIM must conform to the mechanical properties in Table 3. The microstructural requirements and specimen preparation shall be in accordance with Guide E3 and Practice E407.
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This specification covers general requirements for flat-rolled stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet, and strip. The steel shall be made by one of the following processes: electric-arc, electric-induction, or other suitable processes. Heat and product analyses shall conform to the chemical requirements for each of the specific elements. The material shall undergo mechanical tests such as tension test, hardness test, and bend test. Special tests like intergranular corrosion test, permeability test, Charpy impact testing and tests for detrimental intermetallic phases in wrought duplex stainless steels shall be also be performed when required.
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1.1 This specification2 covers a group of general requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or in an individual specification, shall apply to rolled steel plate, sheet, and strip, under each of the following specifications issued by ASTM: Specifications A240/A240M, A263, A264, A265, A666, A693, A793, and A895.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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