ASTM D6581-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
Standard Test Methods for Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The oxyhalides chlorite, chlorate, and bromate are inorganic disinfection by-products (DBPs) of considerable health risk concern worldwide. The occurrence of chlorite and chlorate is associated with the use of chlorine dioxide, as well as hypochlorite solutions used for drinking water disinfection. The occurrence of bromate is associated with the use of ozone for disinfection, wherein naturally occurring bromide is oxidized to bromate. Bromide is a naturally occurring precursor to the formation of bromate.
SCOPE
1.1 These multi-test methods cover the determination of the oxyhalides—chlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and bromide, in raw water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically suppressed ion chromatography. The ranges tested using these test methods for each analyte were as follows:
Range
Sections
Test Method A:
Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography
8 to 20
Chlorite
5 to 500 µg/L
Bromate
1 to 25 µg/L
Bromide
5 to 250 µg/L
Chlorate
5 to 500 µg/L
Test Method B:
Electrolytically Suppressed Ion Chromatography
21 to 31
Chlorite
20 to 1000 µg/L
Bromate
1 to 30 µg/L
Bromide
20 to 200 µg/L
Chlorate
20 to 1000 µg/L
1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume. Other ions of interest, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using these test methods. However, analysis of these ions is not the object of these test methods.
1.2 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
1.3 These test methods are technically equivalent with Part B of U.S. EPA Method 300.1,2 titled “The Determination of Inorganic Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography.”
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6581 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water
1
by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6581; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 Thesemulti-test methods cover the determinationofthe
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
oxyhalides—chlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and bromide, in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
raw water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically sup-
pressedionchromatography.Therangestestedusingthesetest
2. Referenced Documents
methods for each analyte were as follows:
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Range Sections
Test Method A: 8 to 20 D1129Terminology Relating to Water
Chemically Suppressed
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
Ion Chromatography
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Chlorite 5 to 500 µg/L
Bromate 1 to 25 µg/L Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
Bromide 5 to 250 µg/L
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
Chlorate 5 to 500 µg/L
D3856Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories
Test Method B: 21 to 31
Electrolytically Engaged in Analysis of Water
Suppressed Ion
D5810Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
Chromatography
D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
Chlorite 20 to 1000 µg/L
Bromate 1 to 30 µg/L
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
Bromide 20 to 200 µg/L
Chlorate 20 to 1000 µg/L
3. Terminology
1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in the test
sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume.
methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
Otherionsofinterest,suchasfluoride,chloride,nitrite,nitrate,
phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using these test 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 analytical column—the ion exchange column used to
methods. However, analysis of these ions is not the object of
these test methods. separate the ions of interest according to their retention
characteristics prior to detection.
1.2 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of
3.2.2 analytical column set—a combination of one or more
these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
guard columns, followed by one or more analytical columns
1.3 These test methods are technically equivalent with Part
usedtoseparatetheionsofinterest.Allofthecolumnsinseries
2
B of U.S. EPA Method 300.1, titled “The Determination of
then contribute to the overall capacity and resolution of the
InorganicAnions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography.”
analytical column set.
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
3.2.3 eluent—the ionic mobile phase used to transport the
be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
sample through the chromatographic system.
are for information only.
3.2.4 guard column—a column used before the analytical
column to protect it from contaminants, such as particulates or
irreversibly retained material.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
Constituents in Water.
3
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6581–08. DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
10.1520/D6581-12. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
U.S. EPA 300.1, Cincinnati, OH, 1997. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6581 − 12
3.2.5 ion chromatography—a form of liquid chromatogra- precaution should be taken to ensure the cleanliness of sample
phy in which ionic constituents are separated by ion exchange containersaswellasothermaterialsandapparatusthatcomein
then detected by an appropriate detection means, typically contact with the sample.
conductance.
7. Sampling and Sample Preservation
3.2.6 resolution—the ability of an analytical column to
7.1 Collect the sample in accordance with Practice D3370,
separa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6581 − 08 D6581 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water
1
by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6581; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 ThisThese multi-test method coversmethods cover the determination of the oxyhalides—chlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and
bromide, in raw water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically suppressed
ion chromatography. The ranges tested using this method these test methods for each analyte were as follows:
Range Sections
Test Method A: 8 to 18
Chemically Suppressed
Ion Chromatography
Test Method A: 8 to 20
Chemically Suppressed
Ion Chromatography
Chlorite 20 to 500 μg/L
Chlorite 5 to 500 μg/L
Bromate 5 to 30 μg/L
Bromate 1 to 25 μg/L
Bromide 20 to 200 μg/L
Bromide 5 to 250 μg/L
Chlorate 20 to 500 μg/L
Chlorate 5 to 500 μg/L
Test Method B: 19 to 29
Electrolytically
Suppressed Ion
Chromatography
Test Method B: 21 to 31
Electrolytically
Suppressed Ion
Chromatography
Chlorite 20 to 1000 μg/L
Bromate 1 to 30 μg/L
Bromide 20 to 200 μg/L
Chlorate 20 to 1000 μg/L
1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume. Other ions
of interest, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using this method. these test
methods. However, analysis of these ions is not the object of thisthese test method.methods.
1.2 It is the user’suser’s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
2
1.3 ThisThese test method ismethods are technically equivalent with Part B of U.S. EPA Method 300.1300.1, , titled “The
Determination of Inorganic Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography”. Chromatography.”
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2008March 1, 2012. Published September 2008April 2012. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20052008
as D6581 – 00 (2005).D6581 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D6581-08.10.1520/D6581-12.
2
U.S. EPA Method 300.1, Cincinnati, OH, 1997.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6581 − 12
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories Engaged in Analysis of Water
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitiondefinitions of terms used in the test methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 analytical column—the ion exchange column used to separate the ions of interest according to their retention
characteristics prior to detection.
3.2.2 analytical column set—a combination of one or more guard columns, followed by one or more analytical columns used
to separate the ions of interest. All of the columns in series then contribute to the overall capacity and resolution of the analytical
column set.
3.2.3 eluent—the ionic mobile phase used to transport the sample through the chromatographic system.
3.2.4 guard column—a column used before the analytical column to prote
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6581–08 Designation:D6581–12
Standard Test Methods for
Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water
1
by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6581; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This multi-test method covers the determination of the oxyhalides—chlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and bromide, in raw
water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically suppressed ion chromatog-
raphy. The ranges tested using this method for each analyte were as follows:
Range Sections
Test Method A: 8to18
Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography
Test Method A: 8to19
Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography
Chlorite 5 to 500 µg/L 20 to 500 µg/L
Bromate 1 to 25 µg/L 5to30µg/L
Bromide 5 to 250 µg/L 20 to 200 µg/L
Chlorate 5 to 500 µg/L 20 to 500 µg/L
Test Method B: 19 to 29
Electrolytically Suppressed Ion Chromatography
Test Method B: 20 to 30
Electrolytically Suppressed Ion Chromatography
Chlorite 20 to 1000 µg/L
Bromate 1 to 30 µg/L
Bromide 20 to 200 µg/L
Chlorate 20 to 1000 µg/L
1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume. Other ions
of interest, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using this method. However,
analysis of these ions is not the object of this test method.
1.2 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
2
1.3 This test method is technically equivalent with Part B of U.S. EPAMethod 300.1 , titled “The Determination of Inorganic
Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography”.
1.4
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6581–00(2005). DOI:
10.1520/D6581-08.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April, 2012. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6581 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/D6581-12.
2
U.S. EPA Method 300.1, Cincinnati, OH, 1997.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6581–12
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories Engaged in Analysis of Water
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms used in the test methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 analytical column—the ion exchange column used to separate the ions of interest according to their retention
characteristics prior to detection.
3.2.2 analytical column set—a combination of one or more guard columns, followed by one or more analytical columns used
to separate the ions of interest.All of the columns in series then contribute to the overall capacity and resolution of th
...
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