ASTM E2009-23

Standard Test Methods for Oxidation Onset Temperature of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oxidation onset temperature is a relative measure of the degree of oxidative stability of the material evaluated at a given heating rate and oxidative environment (e.g., oxygen); the higher the OOT value the more stable the material. The OOT is described in Fig. 1. The OOT values can be used for comparative purposes and are not an absolute measurement, like the oxidation induction time (OIT) at a constant temperature (see Test Method E1858). The presence or effectiveness of antioxidants may be determined by these test methods.
FIG. 1 DSC Oxidation (Extrapolated) Onset Temperature (OOT)  
5.2 Typical uses of these test methods include the oxidative stability of edible oils and fats (oxidative rancidity), lubricants, greases, and polyolefins.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the oxidative properties of hydrocarbons by differential scanning calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry under linear heating rate conditions and are applicable to hydrocarbons, which oxidize exothermically in their analyzed form.  
1.2 Test Method A—A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used at ambient pressure of one atmosphere of oxygen.  
1.3 Test Method B—A pressure DSC (PDSC) is used at high pressure (e.g., 3.5 MPa (500 psig) of oxygen).  
1.4 Test Method C—A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used at ambient pressure of one atmosphere of air.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2022
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.01 - Calorimetry and Mass Loss

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2009 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
Oxidation Onset Temperature of Hydrocarbons by
1
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-
tings Materials
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the
D3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Poly-
oxidative properties of hydrocarbons by differential scanning
olefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry under
D4565 Test Methods for Physical and Environmental Per-
linear heating rate conditions and are applicable to
formance Properties of Insulations and Jackets for Tele-
hydrocarbons, which oxidize exothermically in their analyzed
communications Wire and Cable
form.
D5483 Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lubri-
1.2 Test Method A—A differential scanning calorimeter
catingGreasesbyPressureDifferentialScanningCalorim-
(DSC) is used at ambient pressure of one atmosphere of
etry
oxygen.
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
ology
1.3 Test Method B—Apressure DSC (PDSC) is used at high
pressure (e.g., 3.5 MPa (500 psig) of oxygen). E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.4 Test Method C—A differential scanning calorimeter
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
(DSC) is used at ambient pressure of one atmosphere of air.
tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Ana-
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
lyzers
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E1858 Test Methods for Determining Oxidation Induction
standard.
Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorim-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the etry
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E3142 Test Method for Thermal Lag of Thermal Analysis
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Apparatus
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
refer to Terminology E473.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.1 oxidation (extrapolated) onset temperature (OOT)—a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
relative measure of oxidative stability at the cited heating rate
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
is determined from data recorded during a DSC scanning
2. Referenced Documents temperature test. The temperature at which the onset to the
2
observed oxidation is taken as the OOT.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Methods
1 4.1 In thermal analysis, a physical property of a material is
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
ThermalMeasurementsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE37.01on measured either as a function of time at a specified constant
Calorimetry and Mass Loss.
temperature, or more frequently, as a function of temperature
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published February 2023. Originally
under conditions of a fixed rate of temperature change. The
ε1
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2009 – 08(2014) .
measured property is the dependent variable, and the measured
DOI: 10.1520/E2009-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
temperature is the independent variable.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 The test specimen in an aluminum container and an
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. empty reference aluminum container or pan are heated at a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2009 − 23
specified constant heating rate in an oxygen (or air) environ- 6.2 Temperature sensors are subject to degraded perfor-
ment. Hea
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2009 − 08 (Reapproved 2014) E2009 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
Oxidation Onset Temperature of Hydrocarbons by
1
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Warning notes were editorially updated throughout in March 2014.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the oxidative properties of hydrocarbons by differential scanning calorimetry
or pressure differential scanning calorimetry under linear heating rate conditions and are applicable to hydrocarbons, which oxidize
exothermically in their analyzed form.
1.2 Test Method A—A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used at ambient pressure,pressure of one atmosphere of oxygen.
1.3 Test Method B—A pressure DSC (PDSC) is used at high pressure, for example, pressure (e.g., 3.5 MPa (500 psig) oxygen.of
oxygen).
1.4 Test Method C—A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used at ambient pressure of one atmosphere of air.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials
D3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Polyolefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
D4565 Test Methods for Physical and Environmental Performance Properties of Insulations and Jackets for Telecommunications
Wire and Cable
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on
Calorimetry and Mass Loss.
Current edition approved March 15, 2014Jan. 1, 2023. Published April 2014February 2023. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
ε1
E2009 – 08.E2009 – 08(2014) . DOI: 10.1520/E2009-08R14E01.10.1520/E2009-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2009 − 23
D5483 Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lubricating Greases by Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Analyzers
E1858 Test Methods for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
E3142 Test Method for Thermal Lag of Thermal Analysis Apparatus
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology E473.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:—For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology
E473.
3.2.1 oxidation (extrapolated) onset temperature (OOT)—a relative measure of oxidative stability at the cited heating rate is
determined from data recorded during a DSC scanning temperature test. The temperature at which the onset to the observed
oxidation is taken as the OOT.
4. Summary of Methods
4.1 In thermal analysis, a physical property of a material is measured either as a function of time at a specified constant
temperature, or more frequently, as a func
...