ASTM D4580/D4580M-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by Sounding
Standard Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by Sounding
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This practice may be used in conjunction with other methods in determining the general condition of concrete bridge decks.
2.2 This practice may be used in determining specific areas of delamination requiring repair.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for surveying concrete bridge decks by sounding to determine delaminations in the concrete. It is not intended that the procedures described herein are to be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid with bituminous mixtures. The procedures may be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid with portland cement concrete mixtures; however, areas indicated to be delaminated may have a lack of bond between the overlay and the underlying bridge deck (Note 1). Note 1—The influence of variable field conditions such as traffic noise, vibration, moisture content of the concrete, and the like, are not completely known and additional investigation may be needed. It is generally agreed that the practice should not be used on frozen concrete.
1.2 The following three procedures are covered in this practice:
1.2.1 Procedure A, Electro-Mechanical Sounding Device—This procedure uses an electric powered tapping device, sonic receiver, and recorder mounted on a cart. The cart is pushed across the bridge deck and delaminations are recorded on the recorder.
1.2.2 Procedure B, Chain Drag—This procedure consists of dragging a chain over the bridge deck surface. The detection of delaminations is accomplished by the operator noting dull or hollow sounds. Tapping the bridge deck surface with a steel rod or hammer may be substituted for the chain drag.
1.2.3 Procedure C, Rotary Percussion2—This procedure consists of rolling a dual-wheel, multi-toothed apparatus attached to an extension pole over the bridge deck surface. The percussive force caused by the tapping wheels will create either a dull or hollow sound indicating any delamination.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4580/D4580M − 12
Standard Practice for
Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by
1
Sounding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4580/D4580M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope percussiveforcecausedbythetappingwheelswillcreateeither
a dull or hollow sound indicating any delamination.
1.1 This practice covers procedures for surveying concrete
bridge decks by sounding to determine delaminations in the 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
concrete. It is not intended that the procedures described herein
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
are to be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid with each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
bituminous mixtures. The procedures may be used on bridge
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
decks that have been overlaid with portland cement concrete values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
mixtures;however,areasindicatedtobedelaminatedmayhave
with the standard.
a lack of bond between the overlay and the underlying bridge
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
deck (Note 1).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and
NOTE 1—The influence of variable field conditions such as traffic noise,
vibration, moisture content of the concrete, and the like, are not com-
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
pletely known and additional investigation may be needed. It is generally
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
agreed that the practice should not be used on frozen concrete.
1.2 The following three procedures are covered in this
2. Significance and Use
practice:
2.1 This practice may be used in conjunction with other
1.2.1 Procedure A, Electro-Mechanical Sounding Device—
methods in determining the general condition of concrete
This procedure uses an electric powered tapping device, sonic
bridge decks.
receiver, and recorder mounted on a cart. The cart is pushed
across the bridge deck and delaminations are recorded on the 2.2 This practice may be used in determining specific areas
recorder. of delamination requiring repair.
1.2.2 ProcedureB,ChainDrag—This procedure consists of
PROCEDURE A—ELECTRO-MECHANICAL
dragging a chain over the bridge deck surface.The detection of
SOUNDING DEVICE
delaminations is accomplished by the operator noting dull or
hollowsounds.Tappingthebridgedecksurfacewithasteelrod
3. Summary of Procedure
or hammer may be substituted for the chain drag.
2
1.2.3 Procedure C, Rotary Percussion —This procedure
3.1 Longitudinal lines at a predetermined spacing are estab-
consists of rolling a dual-wheel, multi-toothed apparatus at-
lished on the bridge deck.
tached to an extension pole over the bridge deck surface. The
3.2 After calibration, the sounding device is pushed along
the established lines. Electrically powered tapping wheels emit
vibrations into the deck that are sensed by sonic receivers.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
Areas of delamination are indicated by deflections on a strip
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on
chart recorder.
Bridges and Structures.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2012. Published May 2013. Originally
3.3 All portions on the strip chart indicating delaminations
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4580 – 03 (2012).
are plotted on a scaled map of the bridge deck. An outline is
DOI: 10.1520/D4580_D4580M-12.
2
The rotary sound detecting device for concrete and procedure are patent made showing the areas of delamination.
pending in the US Patent and Trademark Office by Philip K. Clark Company, Inc.,
503 Central Drive, Suite 102, Virginia Beach, VA 23454. Interested parties are
4. Apparatus
invited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this
NOTE 2—The apparatus described here has been found suitable and is
patent pending item to ASTM International Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
the most common type commercially available. Other apparatuses that do
PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Your comments will receive
1
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical subcommittee, not exactly conform to these requirements such as sounding device,
which you may attend. tapping rate, or sonic receivers may also be accepted.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Bar
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4580 − 03 (Reapproved 2012) D4580/D4580M − 12
Standard Practice for
Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by
1
Sounding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4580;D4580/D4580M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures for surveying concrete bridge decks by sounding to determine delaminations in the concrete.
It is not intended that the procedures described herein are to be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid with bituminous
mixtures. The procedures may be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid with portland cement concrete mixtures; however,
areas indicated to be delaminated may have a lack of bond between the overlay and the underlying bridge deck (Note 1).
NOTE 1—The influence of variable field conditions such as traffic noise, vibration, moisture content of the concrete, and the like, are not completely
known and additional investigation may be needed. It is generally agreed that the practice should not be used on frozen concrete.
1.2 The following three procedures are covered in this practice:
1.2.1 Procedure A, Electro-Mechanical Sounding Device—This procedure uses an electric powered tapping device, sonic
receiver, and recorder mounted on a cart. The cart is pushed across the bridge deck and delaminations are recorded on the recorder.
1.2.2 Procedure B, Chain Drag—This procedure consists of dragging a chain over the bridge deck surface. The detection of
delaminations is accomplished by the operator noting dull or hollow sounds. Tapping the bridge deck surface with a steel rod or
hammer may be substituted for the chain drag.
2
1.2.3 Procedure C, Rotary Percussion —This procedure consists of rolling a dual-wheel, multi-toothed apparatus attached to
an extension pole over the bridge deck surface. The percussive force caused by the tapping wheels will create either a dull or
hollow sound indicating any delamination.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This practice may be used in conjunction with other methods in determining the general condition of concrete bridge decks.
2.2 This practice may be used in determining specific areas of delamination requiring repair.
PROCEDURE A—ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SOUNDING DEVICE
3. Summary of Procedure
3.1 Longitudinal lines at a predetermined spacing are established on the bridge deck.
3.2 After calibration, the sounding device is pushed along the established lines. Electrically powered tapping wheels emit
vibrations into the deck that are sensed by sonic receivers. Areas of delamination are indicated by deflections on a strip chart
recorder.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on Bridges and
Structures.
Current edition approved July 15, 2012Dec. 15, 2012. Published July 2012May 2013. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D4580 – 03 (2012).(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D4580-03R12.10.1520/D4580_D4580M-12.
2
The rotary sound detecting device for concrete and procedure are patent pending in the US Patent and Trademark Office by Philip K. Clark Company, Inc., 503 Central
Drive, Suite 102, Virginia Beach, VA 23454. Interested parties are invited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this patent pending item
to ASTM International Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
1
meeting of the responsible technical subcommittee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
...
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