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ASTM E1543-00(2011)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems

Standard Test Method for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method gives an objective measure of the temperature sensitivity of a thermal imaging system (relative to a standard reference filter) exclusive of a monitor, with emphasis on the detector(s) and preamplifier.
Note 1—Test values obtained under idealized laboratory conditions may or may not correlate directly with service performance.
This test method affords a convenient means for periodically monitoring the performance of a given thermal imaging system.  
NETD relates to minimum resolvable temperature difference as described in Test Method E1213. Thus, an increase in NETD may be manifest as a loss of detail in imagery.  
Intercomparisons based solely on NETD figures may be misleading.
Note 2—NETD depends on various factors such as spectral bandwidth and background temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD; NEΔT) of thermal imaging systems of the conventional forward-looking infrared (FLIR) or other types that utilize an optical-mechanical scanner; it does not include charge-coupled devices or pyroelectric vidicons.
1.2 Parts of this test method have been formulated under the assumption of a photonic detector(s) at a standard background temperature of 295°K (22°C). Besides nonuniformity, tests made at other background temperatures may result in impairment of precision and bias.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2011
ICS
17.200.20 - Temperature-measuring instruments
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.10 - Specialized NDT Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1543-00(2006) - Standard Test Method for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Replaced By
ASTM E1543-14 - Standard Practice for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems
Effective Date
01-Oct-2014
Referred By
ASTM E3353-22 - Standard Guide for In-Process Monitoring Using Optical and Thermal Methods for Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Referred By
ASTM E2533-21 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011

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ASTM E1543-00(2011) - Standard Test Method for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging SystemsASTM E1543-00(2011) - Standard Test Method for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems
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ASTM E1543-00(2011) - Standard Test Method for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1543 −00(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal
Imaging Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope body (surface with emissivity of 1.0), usually a cavity or a flat
plate with a structured or coated surface having a stable and
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the noise
uniform temperature.
equivalent temperature difference (NETD; NE∆T) of thermal
3.1.2 dwell time—the time spent, during one frame, in
imaging systems of the conventional forward-looking infrared
scanning one angular dimension of a single pixel (picture
(FLIR) or other types that utilize an optical-mechanical scan-
element) of the image within the instantaneous field of view
ner; it does not include charge-coupled devices or pyroelectric
(IFOV) of a detector. Thus, for example, if a single pixel is
vidicons.
scanned n times during one frame, the dwell time is given by
1.2 Parts of this test method have been formulated under the
n times the duration of a single scan of the pixel.
assumption of a photonic detector(s) at a standard background
3.1.3 FLIR—an acronym for forward-looking infrared,
temperature of 295°K (22°C). Besides nonuniformity, tests
originally implying airborne, now denoting any fast-frame
made at other background temperatures may result in impair-
thermal imaging system comparable to that of television and
ment of precision and bias.
yielding real-time displays. Generally, these systems employ
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
optical-mechanical scanning mechanisms.
standard.
3.1.4 See also Section J: Infrared Examination, of Termi-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nology E1316.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The target is a blackbody source of uniform temperature
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
that is viewed by the infrared thermal imaging system through
an aperture of prescribed size. A specified temperature differ-
2. Referenced Documents
ence is established between the target and its background.
2.1 ASTM Standards: Measurements are made of the peak-to-peak signal voltage
from the target and the RMS noise voltage from the
E1213 Test Method for Minimum Resolvable Temperature
background, both across a standard reference filter, and of the
Difference for Thermal Imaging Systems
target and background temperatures. From these measured
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
values, the NETD is calculated.
3. Terminology
5. Significance and Use
3.1 Definitions:
5.1 This test method gives an objective measure of the
3.1.1 blackbody simulator—a device that produces an emis-
temperaturesensitivityofathermalimagingsystem(relativeto
sion spectrum closely approximating that emitted by a black-
a standard reference filter) exclusive of a monitor, with
emphasis on the detector(s) and preamplifier.
NOTE 1—Test values obtained under idealized laboratory conditions
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on
may or may not correlate directly with service performance.
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on
Specialized NDT Methods.
5.2 This test method affords a convenient means for peri-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published March 2012. Originally
odically monitoring the performance of a given thermal imag-
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E1543 - 00(2006).
ing system.
DOI: 10.1520/E1543-00R11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3 NETD relates to minimum resolvable temperature dif-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ference as described in Test Method E1213. Thus, an increase
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. in NETD may be manifest as a loss of detail in imagery.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1543−00 (2011)
5.4 Intercomparisons based solely on NETD figures may be
misleading.
NOTE 2—NETD depends on various factors such as spectral bandwidth
and background temperature.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1, consists of the
following:
6.1.1 Blackbody Simulator, temporally stable and control-
lable to within 0.1°C.
FIG. 2 Circuit Diagram of Standard Reference Filter
6.1.2 Target Plate, containing an aperture several times
larger dimensionally than the IFOV. The target plate should be
NOTE 4—The purpose of the filter is to standardize and define a
at least ten times the dimension of the aperture in both the
reference noise bandwidth, upon which the noise measurement depends in
part.
height and width. (The plate forms the target background; the
NOTE 5—If convenient, the filter may be a self-contained unit for
aperture, in effect, becomes the target as the blackbody
external connection.
simulator is viewed through it.) The material and surface
6.1.5 Infrared Spot Radiometer or equivalent radiometric
conditions of the target plate must be carefully considered. It is
instrument, calibrated with the aid of a blackbody source to an
helpful for the back side of the target plate to be a highly
accuracy within 0.1°C.
reflective metallic surface to minimize the influence of the
6.1.6 Digital Oscilloscope.
blackbody simulator on the temperature of the target back-
6.1.7 Digital True RMS Voltmeter, with high crest factor
ground. The front surface of the target plate should appear to
(peak voltage/RMS voltage) so as not to attenuate any noise
the infrared imaging system to have a high emissivity. One
peaks, and bandwidth from approximately zero to at least
possibility would be to coat the viewed surface with a high
1.6/RC. See 6.1.4 and X1.1.
emissivity paint
...

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5.1 This practice gives an objective measure of the temperature sensitivity of a thermal imaging system (relative to a standard reference filter) exclusive of a monitor, with emphasis on the detector(s) and preamplifier.
Note 1: Test values obtained under idealized laboratory conditions may or may not correlate directly with service performance.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to be used by wire producers and thermocouple manufacturers for certification of refractory metal thermocouples. It is intended to provide a consistent method for calibration of refractory metal thermocouples referenced to a calibrated radiation thermometer. Uncertainty in calibration and operation of the radiation thermometer, and proper construction and use of the test furnace are of primary importance.  
5.2 Calibration establishes the temperature-emf relationship for a particular thermocouple under a specific temperature and chemical environment. However, during high temperature calibration or application at elevated temperatures in vacuum, oxidizing, reducing or contaminating environments, and depending on temperature distribution, local irreversible changes may occur in the Seebeck Coefficient of one or both thermoelements. If the introduced inhomogeneities are significant, the emf from the thermocouple will depend on the distribution of temperature between the measuring and reference junctions.  
5.3 At high temperatures, the accuracy of refractory metal thermocouples may be limited by electrical shunting errors through the ceramic insulators of the thermocouple assembly. This effect may be reduced by careful choice of the insulator material, but above approximately 2100 °C, the electrical shunting errors may be significant even for the best insulators available.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the calibration of refractory metal thermocouples using a radiation thermometer as the standard instrument. This test method is intended for use with types of thermocouples that cannot be exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere. These procedures are appropriate for thermocouple calibrations at temperatures above 800 °C (1472 °F).  
1.2 The calibration method is applicable to the following thermocouple assemblies:  
1.2.1 Type 1—Bare-wire thermocouple assemblies in which vacuum or an inert or reducing gas is the only electrical insulating medium between the thermoelements.  
1.2.2 Type 2—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements.  
1.2.3 Type 2A—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements, permanently enclosed and sealed in a loose fitting metal or ceramic tube.  
1.2.4 Type 3—Swaged assemblies in which a refractory insulating powder is compressed around the thermoelements and encased in a thin-walled tube or sheath made of a high melting point metal or alloy.  
1.2.5 Type 4—Thermocouple assemblies in which one thermoelement is in the shape of a closed-end protection tube and the other thermoelement is a solid wire or rod that is coaxially supported inside the closed-end tube. The space between the two thermoelements can be filled with an inert or reducing gas, or with ceramic insulating materials, or kept under vacuum.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1363-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermomechanical analyzers are employed in their various modes of operation (penetration, expansion, flexure, etc.) to characterize a wide range of materials. In most cases, the value to be assigned in thermomechanical measurements is the temperature of the transition (or event) under study. Therefore, the temperature axis (abscissa) of all TMA thermal curves must be accurately calibrated either by direct reading of a temperature sensor or by adjusting the programmer temperature to match the actual temperature over the temperature range of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the temperature calibration of thermomechanical analyzers from −50 °C to 1500 °C. (See Note 1.)  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7 and Note 12.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off