ASTM D6271-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Estimating Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Respirable Suspended Particles Based on Solanesol
Standard Test Method for Estimating Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Respirable Suspended Particles Based on Solanesol
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Environmental tobacco smoke consists of both vapor and particulate phase components. Due to the nature of vapor and particulate phases, they rarely correlate well, and an accurate assessment of ETS levels in indoor air requires determining good tracers of both phases. Among the attributes of an ideal ETS tracer, one critical characteristic is that the tracer should “remain in a fairly consistent ratio to the individual contaminant of interest or category of contaminants of interest (for example, suspended particulates) under a range of environmental conditions...” (5). Solanesol meets this requirement, staying in a constant ratio to the RSP contributed by tobacco smoke over a variety of ventilation conditions and sampling durations (6). UVPM and FPM, which are the tracers or markers employed by Test Method D5955, also fulfill this requirement. Airborne solanesol, however, is unique in that it is specific to tobacco smoke and is found only in the particulate phase of ETS. Its high molecular weight and low volatility make it extremely unlikely that any solanesol will be lost from the membrane filter used for sample collection. Solanesol constitutes approximately 3 % by weight of the RSP of ETS (2,7,8), making it suitable for measurement at realistic smoking rates. Of the available ETS particulate phase markers (UVPM, FPM, and solanesol), all are currently used and relied upon, but solanesol is considered to be a better marker for the particulate phase of ETS and, as a result, provides the best way of quantifying the contribution of ETS particulate matter to RSP (3,4,9,10,11,12,13).
To be able to quantify the contribution of ETS to RSP with a tobacco-specific marker is important because RSP is not specific to tobacco smoke. RSP is a necessary indicator of overall air quality; the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has previously set a PEL (permissible exposure level) for respirable dust in the workplace of 5000 μg/m3. However, RSP emanates from nume...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling/analysis of respirable suspended particles (RSP) and the estimation of the RSP fraction attributable to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The test method is based on collection of total RSP on a membrane filter, extraction of the filter in methanol, and determination of solanesol, a C45 isoprenoid alcohol, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection.
1.2 This test method is compatible with the determinations of gravimetric RSP, ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM), and fluorescent particulate matter (FPM) (see Test Method D5955), but does not require them. UVPM and FPM, which are based on the ultraviolet absorbance and fluorescence of the filter extract, are also used to estimate the contribution of ETS to RSP.
1.3 The sampling components consist of a 1.0-μm pore size polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter in a filter cassette connected on the inlet end to a particle size separating device and, on the outlet end, to a sampling pump. This test method is applicable to personal and area sampling.
1.4 This test method is limited in sample duration only by the capacity of the membrane filter. The test method has been evaluated up to 24-h sample duration; a minimum sample duration of 1 h is recommended.
1.5 Limits of detection (LOD) for this test method at a sampling rate of 2 L/min are 0.042 μg/m3 for 1-h sample duration and 0.005 μg/m3 for 8-h sample duration.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in 13.6.
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Designation: D6271 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Estimating Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke
1
to Respirable Suspended Particles Based on Solanesol
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6271; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is
1.1 This test method covers the sampling/analysis of respi-
given in 13.6.
rable suspended particles (RSP) and the estimation of the RSP
fraction attributable to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).
2. Referenced Documents
The test method is based on collection of total RSP on a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
membrane filter, extraction of the filter in methanol, and
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
determination of solanesol, a C isoprenoid alcohol, by high
45
Atmospheres
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
(UV) detection.
Atmosphere
1.2 This test method is compatible with the determinations
D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric
of gravimetric RSP, ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM), and
Pressure
fluorescent particulate matter (FPM) (seeTest Method D5955),
D5337 Practice for Flow RateAdjustment of Personal Sam-
but does not require them. UVPM and FPM, which are based
pling Pumps
on the ultraviolet absorbance and fluorescence of the filter
D5955 Test Methods for Estimating Contribution of Envi-
extract, are also used to estimate the contribution of ETS to
ronmental Tobacco Smoke to Respirable Suspended Par-
RSP.
ticles Based on UVPM and FPM
1.3 The sampling components consist of a 1.0-µm pore size
3. Terminology
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter in a filter
cassette connected on the inlet end to a particle size separating 3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test
device and, on the outlet end, to a sampling pump. This test
method, refer to Terminology D1356.
method is applicable to personal and area sampling. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)—an aged, dilute
1.4 This test method is limited in sample duration only by
composite of exhaled tobacco smoke (exhaled mainstream
the capacity of the membrane filter. The test method has been
smoke) and smoke from tobacco products (sidestream smoke).
evaluated up to 24-h sample duration; a minimum sample
3.2.2 respirablesuspendedparticles(RSP)—particleswhich
duration of1his recommended.
canbedepositedinthegas-exchangeregionofthelungandare
1.5 Limits of detection (LOD) for this test method at a
defined as particles that pass through a sampler having a
3
sampling rate of 2 L/min are 0.042 µg/m for 1-h sample
3
4.0-µm median cutpoint (1) .
3
duration and 0.005 µg/m for 8-h sample duration.
3.2.3 solanesol particulate matter (Sol-PM)—a tobacco-
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
selective marker for the contribution of ETS particulate matter
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
to RSP.
standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
4.1 A known volume of air is drawn through an inertial
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
impactor or cyclone assembly separating at 4.0 µm to separate
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6271 - 04. DOI: The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
10.1520/D6271-10. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6271 − 10
respirable suspended particles (RSP) from total suspended UVPM and FPM are used as more selective markers to
particulate matter and then through a filter assembly. Solanesol estimate the contribution of tobacco smoke to RSP; however,
is collected as a component of RSPon a PTFE membrane filter th
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6271–04 Designation: D6271 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Estimating Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke
1
to Respirable Suspended Particles Based on Solanesol
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6271; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthesampling/analysisofrespirablesuspendedparticles(RSP)andtheestimationoftheRSPfraction
attributable to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The test method is based on collection of total RSP on a membrane filter,
extraction of the filter in methanol, and determination of solanesol, a C isoprenoid alcohol, by high performance liquid
45
chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection.
1.2 This test method is compatible with the determinations of gravimetric RSP, ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM), and
fluorescent particulate matter (FPM) (see Test MethodsMethod D5955), but does not require them. UVPM and FPM, which are
based on the ultraviolet absorbance and fluorescence of the filter extract, are also used to estimate the contribution of ETS to RSP.
1.3 The sampling components consist of a 1.0-µm pore size polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter in a filter cassette
connected on the inlet end to a particle size separating device and, on the outlet end, to a sampling pump. This test method is
applicable to personal and area sampling.
1.4 This test method is limited in sample duration only by the capacity of the membrane filter. The test method has been
evaluated up to 24-h sample duration; a minimum sample duration of1his recommended.
3
1.5 Limits of detection (LOD) for this test method at a sampling rate of 2 L/min are 0.042 µg/m for 1-h sample duration and
3
0.005 µg/m for 8-h sample duration.
1.6The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in 13.6.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric Pressure
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Calibration of Personal Sampling Pumps
D5955 Test Methods for Estimating Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Respirable Suspended Particles Based
on UVPM and FPM
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1356.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)—an aged, dilute composite of exhaled tobacco smoke (exhaled mainstream smoke)
and smoke from tobacco products (sidestream smoke).
3.2.2 respirable suspended particles (RSP)—particles which can be deposited in the gas-exchange region of the lung and are
3
defined as particles that pass through a sampler having a 4.0-µm median cutpoint (1) .
3.2.3 solanesol particulate matter (Sol-PM)—a tobacco-selective marker for the contribution of ETS particulate matter to RSP.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Sampling andAnalysis ofAtmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee on Air
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004.2010. Published May 2004.April 2010. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 19982004as
D6271-98.D6271 - 04. DOI: 10.1520/D6271-104.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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