ASTM D7398-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7398 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
(FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7398; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling
range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test
2. Referenced Documents
method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
this test method.
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of
Reduced Pressure
diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
these samples types has not been evaluated.
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).
D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic
Response Factors
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method
D6352 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation
troleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 °C to
such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160,
700 °C by Gas Chromatography
especially the initial and final boiling points.
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100)
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distil-
for Middle Distillate Fuels
lation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and
D7213 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
D7213.
troleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
615 °C by Gas Chromatography
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
only.
ships
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.1 Definitions:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.1 This test method makes reference to many common
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- gas chromatographic procedures, terms, and relationships.
Detailed definitions of these can be found in Practices E355,
E594, and E1510.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0H on Chromatographic Distribution Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D7398 – 21. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7398-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7398 − 23
3.1.2 biodiesel, n—fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of 4. Summary of Test Method
long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal
4.1 The boiling range
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7398 − 21 D7398 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
(FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7398; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test
method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less
than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these
samples types has not been evaluated.
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example
naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as
those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0H on Chromatographic Distribution Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2021November 2023. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as
D7398 – 11 (2021).D7398 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D7398-21.10.1520/D7398-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7398 − 23
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
D6352 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 °C to 700 °C by Gas
Chromatography
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
D7213 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas
Chromatography
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 This test method makes reference to many common gas chromatographic procedures, terms, and relationships. Detailed
definitions of these can be found in Practices E355, E594, and
...
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