ASTM D5188-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber and Piston Based Method)
Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber and Piston Based Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.
5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include
T(V/L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T(V/L = 20), indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T(V/L = 20) is specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
Note 2: This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see Section 7 and subsection 8.1.1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5188 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels
1
(Evacuated Chamber and Piston Based Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
perature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of D2533 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio of Spark-
3
volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C Ignition Engine Fuels (Withdrawn 2008)
(32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmo- D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
sphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
samples for which the determined temperature is between D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio Petroleum Products
is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1. D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
NOTE 1—When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to
Fuels, and Lubricants
be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
NOTE 2—This test method may also be applicable at pressures other
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
Measurement System Performance
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement
gasoline-oxygenate blends.
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it
shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and
3. Terminology
bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined
3.1 Definitions:
(see Note 12).
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms used in D02 standards,
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
refer to Terminology D4175.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are pro-
3.2.1 T , n—the equilibrium temperature at which
(V/L = 20)
vided for information only.
the partial pressure of a sample under test conditions is equal
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the to 101.3 kPa (14.69 psia) and the vapor-liquid ratio is 20.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 vapor-liquid ratio of a fuel, n—the ratio at a specified
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature and pressure of the volume of vapor in equilibrium
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with liquid to the volume of sample charged, as a liquid, at
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
0 °C (32 °F).
For specific warnings, see Section 7 and subsection 8.1.1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 A known volume of chilled, air-saturated sample is
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
introduced into an evacuated, thermostatically controlled test
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
chamber of known volume or a test chamber with moveable
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
piston that expands the volume after sample introduction, the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5188 – 16. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D5188-23. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM I
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5188 − 16 D5188 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels
1
(Evacuated Chamber and Piston Based Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile
petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against
vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and
176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
NOTE 1—When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
NOTE 2—This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be
indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see Section 7 and subsection 8.1.1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D2533 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels (Withdrawn 2008)
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2023. Published April 2016November 2023. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 as
D5188 – 14.D5188 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D5188-16.10.1520/D5188-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5188 − 23
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms used in D02 standards, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 T , n—the equilibrium temperature at which the partial pressure of a sample under test conditions is equal to 101.3
(V/L = 20)
kPa (14.69 psia) and the vapor-liquid ratio is 20.
3.2.2 vapor-liquid ratio of a fuel, n—the ratio at a specified temperature and pressure of the volume of
...
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