ASTM D1816-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Electrodes
Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Electrodes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The dielectric breakdown voltage of an insulating liquid is of importance as a measure of the liquid’ability to withstand electric stress without failure. The dielectric breakdown voltage serves to indicate the presence of contaminating agents such as water, dirt, cellulosic fibers, or conducting particles in the liquid, one or more of which may be present in significant concentrations when low breakdown voltages are obtained. However, a high dielectric breakdown voltage does not necessarily indicate the absence of all contaminants; it may merely indicate that the concentrations of contaminants that are present in the liquid between the electrodes are not large enough to deleteriously affect the average breakdown voltage of the liquid when tested by this test method (see Appendix X1.)
This test method is used in laboratory or field tests. For field breakdown results to be comparable to laboratory results, all criteria including room temperature (20 to 30°C) must be met.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dielectric breakdown voltage of insulating oils of petroleum origin. This test method is applicable to liquid petroleum oils commonly used in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and similar apparatus as an insulating and cooling medium. The suitability of this test method for testing oils having viscosity of more than 19 cSt, (100SUS) at 40°C (104°F) has not been determined. Refer to Terminology D 2864 for definitions used in this test method.
1.2 This test method is sensitive to the deleterious effects of moisture in solution especially when cellulosic fibers are present in the oil. It has been found to be especially useful in diagnostic and laboratory investigations of the dielectric breakdown strength of oil in insulating systems.
1.3 This test method is used to judge if the VDE electrode breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids. This test method should be used as recommended by professional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.
1.4 This test method may be used to obtain the dielectric breakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Method D 2225, provided that the discharge energy into the sample is less than 20 mJ (milli joule) per breakdown for five consecutive breakdowns.
1.5 Both the metric and the alternative inch-pound units are acceptable.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: D1816 − 04
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of
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Petroleum Origin Using VDE Electrodes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1816; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dielec-
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
tric breakdown voltage of insulating oils of petroleum origin.
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
This test method is applicable to liquid petroleum oils com-
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
monly used in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and
D2225 Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical
similar apparatus as an insulating and cooling medium. The
Insulation
suitability of this test method for testing oils having viscosity
D2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
of more than 19 cSt, (100SUS) at 40°C (104°F) has not been
uids and Gases
determined. Refer to Terminology D2864 for definitions used
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
in this test method.
Electrical Apparatus
1.2 This test method is sensitive to the deleterious effects of
2.2 IEEE Standard:
moisture in solution especially when cellulosic fibers are
Standard 4 IEEE Standard Techniques for High Voltage
4
present in the oil. It has been found to be especially useful in
Testing
diagnostic and laboratory investigations of the dielectric break-
C57.106 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulat-
2
4
down strength of oil in insulating systems.
ing Oil in Equipment
1.3 This test method is used to judge if the VDE electrode
3. Significance and Use
breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids.
3.1 The dielectric breakdown voltage of an insulating liquid
This test method should be used as recommended by profes-
is of importance as a measure of the liquid’s ability to
sional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.
withstand electric stress without failure. The dielectric break-
1.4 This test method may be used to obtain the dielectric
down voltage serves to indicate the presence of contaminating
breakdownofsiliconefluidasspecifiedinTestMethodD2225,
agents such as water, dirt, cellulosic fibers, or conducting
provided that the discharge energy into the sample is less than
particles in the liquid, one or more of which may be present in
20 mJ (milli joule) per breakdown for five consecutive break-
significant concentrations when low breakdown voltages are
downs.
obtained. However, a high dielectric breakdown voltage does
not necessarily indicate the absence of all contaminants; it may
1.5 Both the metric and the alternative inch-pound units are
merelyindicatethattheconcentrationsofcontaminantsthatare
acceptable.
present in the liquid between the electrodes are not large
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
enough to deleteriously affect the average breakdown voltage
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the liquid when tested by this test method (see Appendix
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
X1.)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 This test method is used in laboratory or field tests. For
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
field breakdown results to be comparable to laboratory results,
all criteria including room temperature (20 to 30°C) must be
met.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
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mittee D27.05 on Electrical Test. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1960 as D1816 – 60 T. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D1816 – 03. DOI: 10.1520/D1816-04. the ASTM website.
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Supporting data is available fromASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D27-1006. Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc., PO
Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1816 − 04
4. Electrical Apparatus 4.5 Connect the electrode such that the voltage measured
from each electrode with respect to ground during the test is
4.1 In addition to this section, use IEEE Standard 4 to
equal within 5 %.
determine other requirements necesary for conductin
...
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