ASTM D7566-09
(Specification)Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons
Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the manufacture of aviation turbine fuel that consists of conventional and synthetic blending components.
1.2 This specification applies only at the point of batch origination. Aviation turbine fuel manufactured, certified and released to all the requirements of this specification, meets the requirements of Specification D 1655 and shall be regarded as Specification D 1655 turbine fuel. Once released to this specification (D 7566) the requirements of this specification are no longer applicable: any recertification shall be done to D 1655. Field blending of synthesized paraffinic kerosine (SPK) with D 1655 fuel (which may on the whole or in part have originated as D 7566 fuel) shall be considered batch origination in which case all of the requirements of this specification (D 7566) apply, however the fuel shall be regarded as D 1655 turbine fuel after certification and release.
1.3 This specification defines specific types of aviation turbine fuel that contain synthesized hydrocarbons for civil use in the operation and certification of aircraft and describes fuels found satisfactory for the operation of aircraft and engines. The specification is intended to be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuels and synthetic blending components at the place of manufacture but can be used to describe the quality of aviation turbine fuels for contractual transfer at all points in the distribution system.
1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.
1.5 While aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification can be used in applications other than aviation turbine engines, requirements for such other applications have not been considered in the development of this specification.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D7566 – 09
Standard Specification for
Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized
Hydrocarbons
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7566; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 This specification covers the manufacture of aviation
standard.
turbine fuel that consists of conventional and synthetic blend-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ing components.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 This specification applies only at the point of batch
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
origination. Aviation turbine fuel manufactured, certified and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
released to all the requirements of this specification, meets the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
requirements of Specification D1655 and shall be regarded as
Specification D1655 turbine fuel. Once released to this speci-
2. Referenced Documents
fication (D7566) the requirements of this specification are no
2.1 ASTM Standards:
longer applicable: any recertification shall be done to D1655.
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
Field blending of synthesized paraffinic kerosine (SPK) with
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D1655fuel(whichmayonthewholeorinparthaveoriginated
Atmospheric Pressure
as D7566 fuel) shall be considered batch origination in which
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
casealloftherequirementsofthisspecification(D7566)apply,
Closed Cup Tester
however the fuel shall be regarded as D1655 turbine fuel after
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
certification and release.
eral Bomb Method)
1.3 This specification defines specific types of aviation
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-
turbine fuel that contain synthesized hydrocarbons for civil use
troleum Products by Copper Strip Test
in the operation and certification of aircraft and describes fuels
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
foundsatisfactoryfortheoperationofaircraftandengines.The
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
specification is intended to be used as a standard in describing
D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
the quality of aviation turbine fuels and synthetic blending
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
components at the place of manufacture but can be used to
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
describe the quality of aviation turbine fuels for contractual
ucts (Reid Method)
transfer at all points in the distribution system.
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory
ration
for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
characteristics than is shown by this specification.
ity)
1.5 Whileaviationturbinefuelsdefinedbythisspecification
D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
can be used in applications other than aviation turbine engines,
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
requirements for such other applications have not been consid-
(Lamp Method)
ered in the development of this specification.
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D02.J0.06 on Emerging Turbine Fuels. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7566-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7566 – 09
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method D4305 Test Method for Filter Flow of Aviation Fuels at
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Low Temperatures
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
Aviation Turbine Fuel
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
D1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
tion of Aviation Fuels
tion of Aviation Fuels
D4629 Test Method forTrace Nitrogen in Liquid Petroleum
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and
D1740 Test Method for Luminometer Numbers ofAviation
Chemiluminescence Detection
Turbine Fuels
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
D1840 TestMethodforNaphthaleneHydrocarbonsinAvia-
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Method)
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant inAviation
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static
Fuel by Line Sampling
Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active
D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle
Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)
Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D2624 TestMethodsforElectricalConductivityofAviation
D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity ofAvia-
and Distillate Fuels
tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of
Evaluator (BOCLE)
Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing
D3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gaso-
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
line, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels
D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
(Potentiometric Method)
ucts (Automatic Method)
D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
Turbine Fuels
ucts (Mini Method)
D3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of
D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
Aviation Turbine Fuels (JFTOT Procedure)
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
and Lubricants
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-
tion of Aviation Fuels
tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
D3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of
Aviation Fuels D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
D3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation
Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Reso- Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
nance Spectrometry
D5901 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
(Automated Optical Method)
Cup Tester
D5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation
(Automatic Phase Transition Method)
Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable
D6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the
Separometer
Automatic Tristimulus Method
D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
metric Karl Fischer Titration
Petroleum Products
D6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydro-
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
carbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-
Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography
tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-
Method with Refractive Index Detection
dures)
D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
Fuel Systems
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
trometry D7153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
(Automatic Laser Method)
D7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
(Automatic Fiber Optical Method)
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. D7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfur
D7566 – 09
in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxida- 5.2 Jet A and Jet A-1 represent two grades of kerosine fuel
tive Pyrohydrolytic Combustion followed by Ion Chroma- that differ in freezing point. Other grades would be suitably
tography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography- identified.
CIC)
6. Materials and Manufacture
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
6.1 Aviationturbinefuel,exceptasotherwisedefinedinthis
Determine Conformance with Specifications
specification, shall consist of the following blends of compo-
2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
nents or fuels:
IP 225 Copper Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel
6.1.1 Conventional blending components or JetAor JetA-1
IP 227 Silver Corrosion of Aviation Turbine Fuel
fuel certified to Specification D1655; with up to 50 % by
IP 540 Determination of the Existent Gum Content of
volume of the synthetic blending component defined inAnnex
Aviation Turbine Fuel—Jet Evaporation Method
A1.
2.3 ANSI Standard:
6.2 Fuelsusedincertifiedenginesandaircraftareultimately
ANSI 863 Report of Test Results
approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formal
2.4 Other Standard:
submission of evidence to the authority as part of the type
Defence Standard 91-91 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Kerosine
Type, Jet A-1 certification program for that aircraft and engine model.
Additives to be used as supplements to an approved fuel must
2.5 UOP Test Methods:
UOP 389 Trace Metals in Oils by Wet Ash/ICP-AES also be similarly approved on an individual basis (see X1.2.4).
6.3 Additives—May be added to each type of aviation
2.6 U.S. Department of Defense Specifications:
turbine fuel in the amount and of the composition specified in
MIL-PRF-25017 Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver,
Table 2 or the following list of approved material:
Fuel Soluble
6.3.1 Other additives are permitted under 6.2 and 8.1.These
QDS-25017 Qualified Data Set for MIL-PRF-25017 (In-
include fuel system icing inhibitor, other antioxidants, inhibi-
hibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, Fuel Soluble)
tors, and special purpose additives. The quantities and types
3. General
shall be declared by the fuel supplier and agreed to by the
purchaser. Only additives approved by the aircraft certifying
3.1 Thisspecification,unlessotherwiseprovided,prescribes
authority are permitted in the fuel on which an aircraft is
the required properties of aviation turbine fuel at the time and
operated.
place of delivery.
6.3.1.1 Biocidaladditivesareavailableforcontrolledusage.
4. Terminology
Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval status
of the additive and associated conditions shall be checked for
4.1 Definitions:
the specific aircraft and engines to be operated.
4.1.1 conventional hydrocarbons, n—hydrocarbons derived
6.3.1.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:
from the following conventional sources: crude oil, natural gas
(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DiEGME), con-
liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oil sands.
forming to the requirements of Specification D4171, Type III,
4.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
may be used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %.
4.2.1 conventional blending component, n—blending
(2) Test Method D5006 may be used to determine the
streams derived from conventional hydrocarbons.
concentration of DiEGME in aviation fuels.
4.2.2 synthesized hydrocarbons, n—hydrocarbons derived
6.4 Guidance material is presented in Appendix X2 con-
fromalternativesourcessuchascoal,naturalgas,biomass,and
cerning the need to control processing additives in jet fuel
hydrogenated fats and oils by processes such as gasification,
production.
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and hydroprocessing.
4.2.3 synthetic blending component, n—synthesized hydro-
7. Detailed Requirements
carbons that meet the requirements of Annex A1.
7.1 The aviation turbine fuel shall conform to the require-
5. Classification ments prescribed in Table 1 Part 1 and Table 1 Part 2 unless
otherwise noted in Annex A1.
5.1 Two types of aviation turbine fuels are provided, as
7.2 The additional requirements of Part 2 of Table 1 apply
follows:
only for each batch of fuel intentionally containing a synthetic
5.1.1 Jet A and Jet A-1—Relatively high flash point distil-
blending component. The additional requirements of Part 2 of
lates of the kerosine type.
Table 1 are not mandated if conventionally-derived jet fuel is
mixed with the residue of a D7566 semi-synthetic aviation
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
turbine fuel in refinery equipment from a previous batch of
U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
certified final blended product, for example in a tank heel.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
7.3 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
than the minimum values specified in Table 1, TableA1.1, and
Available from Defence Equipment and Support, UK Defence Standardization,
Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, Glasgow, G2 8EX (http://www.dstan.mod.uk).
Available from ASTM International, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Cus-
tomer Service at service@astm.org. Supporting data (Guidelines for Approval or Disapproval of Additives) have
Available from the Standardization Docume
...
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