ASTM D3511/D3511M-16

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method, even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before refurbishing may be advisable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.  
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appear...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the brush pilling tester. This procedure is generally intended to be used for upholstery, automotive, luggage and heavy duty uniform fabrics because it is highly abrasive. This does not, however, preclude it from being used for other types of fabrics. If unsure, comparison testing should be performed to ensure that this test method replicates pilling on the final product.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3512/D3512M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2016
• ICS: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3511/D3511M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3511/D3511M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D3512/D3512M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and
Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Ran-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pro-
dom Tumble Pilling Tester
pensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface
D3514/D3514M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and
changes on textiles using the brush pilling tester. This proce-
Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elas-
dure is generally intended to be used for upholstery,
tomeric Pad
automotive, luggage and heavy duty uniform fabrics because it
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
is highly abrasive. This does not, however, preclude it from
Methods
being used for other types of fabrics. If unsure, comparison
D4970/D4970M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and
testing should be performed to ensure that this test method
Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Mar-
replicates pilling on the final product.
tindale Tester
3
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles,
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
refer to Test Methods D3512/D3512M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/
ADJD3512 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random
D4970M.
Tumble Pilling Test
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3. Terminology
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.1 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:fuzz,
with the standard.
pilling resistance, pills.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nology D123.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as
fuzzing, which occur in normal wear are simulated on labora-
2. Referenced Documents tory testing machines. Fabrics are subjected to simulated wear
2
conditions: first brushing the specimens to free fiber ends that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
form fuzz on the surface of the fabric, then rubbing two of the
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
specimens together in circular motion to roll the fiber ends into
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-
pills.Thedegreeoffabricpillingisevaluatedbycomparingthe
tiles
tested specimens with visual standards, which may be actual
fabrics or photographs of fabrics, showing a range of pilling
resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported using
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
an arbitrary rating scale.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
Specific.
5. Significance and Use
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approved
in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D3511 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for
D3511_D3511M-16.
resistancetopillingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetesting.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D3511/D3511M − 16
If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with 5.5 This test method is applicable to a wide variety of
caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some woven and knitted fabrics that vary in pilling propensity as a
cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a result of variations in fiber, yarn & fa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3511/D3511M − 15 D3511/D3511M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3511/D3511M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills from fuzz under test conditions intended
to simulate normal wear and other related surface changes on textiles using the brush pilling tester. This procedure is generally
intended to be used for upholstery, automotive, luggage and heavy duty uniform fabrics because it is highly abrasive. This does
not howevernot, however, preclude it from being used for other types of fabrics. If unsure, comparison teststesting should be
performed to ensure that this test method replicates pilling on the final product.
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3512D3512/D3512M, D3514D3514/D3514M, and
D4970D4970/D4970M.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3512D3512/D3512M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random
Tumble Pilling Tester
D3514D3514/D3514M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric
Pad
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D4970D4970/D4970M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale
Tester
3
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
ADJD3512 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random Tumble Pilling Test
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: fuzz, pilling resistance, pills.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D123.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, Specific.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015July 1, 2016. Published August 2015July 2016. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
D3511 – 13.D3511 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D3511_D3511M-15.10.1520/D3511_D3511M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3511/D3511M − 16
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as fuzzing, which occur in normal wear are simulated on laboratory
testing machines. Fabrics are subjected to simulated wear conditions: first brushing the specimens to free fiber ends that form fuzz
on the surface of the fabric, then rubbing two of the specimens together in circular motion to roll the fiber ends into pills. The
degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparing the tested specimens with visual standards, which may be actual fabrics or
photographs of fabrics, showing a range of pilling resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported using an arbitrary rating
scale.
5. Si
...