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ASTM D2688-15e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Corrosivity of Water in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)

Standard Test Method for Corrosivity of Water in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Since the two tendencies are inseparable for a metal to corrode and for water and the materials it contains to promote or inhibit corrosion, the corrosiveness of a material or the corrosivity of water must be determined in relative, rather than absolute, terms. The tendency for a material to corrode is normally determined by measuring its rate of corrosion and comparing it with the corrosion rates of other materials in the same water environment. Conversely, the relative corrosivity of water may be determined by comparing the corrosion rate of a material in the water with the corrosion rates of the same material in other waters. Such tests are useful, for example, for evaluating the effects of corrosion inhibitors on the corrosivity of water. Although this test methods is intended to determine the corrosivity of water, it is equally useful for determining corrosiveness and corrosion rate of materials. Examples of systems in which this method may be used include but are not limited to open recirculating cooling water and closed chilled and hydronic heating systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosivity of water by evaluating pitting and by measuring the weight loss of metal specimens. Pitting is a form of localized corrosion: weight loss is a measure of the average corrosion rate. The rate of corrosion of a metal immersed in water is a function of the tendency for the metal to corrode and is also a function of the tendency for water and the materials it contains to promote (or inhibit) corrosion.  
1.2 The test method employs flat, rectangular-shaped metal coupons which are mounted on pipe plugs and exposed to the water flowing in metal piping in municipal, building, and industrial water systems using a side stream corrosion specimen rack.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2015
ICS
13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2688-15 - Standard Test Method for Corrosivity of Water in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Refers
ASTM G16-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion Data
Effective Date
15-Feb-2019
Refers
ASTM G16-13 - Standard Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion Data
Effective Date
01-Dec-2013
Refers
ASTM D2777-12 - Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
Effective Date
15-Jun-2012
Refers
ASTM G1-03(2011) - Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Refers
ASTM D1129-10 - Standard Terminology Relating to Water
Effective Date
01-Mar-2010
Refers
ASTM G16-95(2010) - Standard Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion Data
Effective Date
01-Feb-2010
Refers
ASTM D2331-08 - Standard Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Refers
ASTM D2777-08 - Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
Effective Date
15-Jan-2008
Refers
ASTM D1129-06ae1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Water
Effective Date
01-Sep-2006
Refers
ASTM D1129-06a - Standard Terminology Relating to Water
Effective Date
01-Sep-2006
Refers
ASTM D2777-06 - Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
Effective Date
15-Aug-2006
Refers
ASTM D1129-06 - Standard Terminology Relating to Water
Effective Date
15-Feb-2006
Refers
ASTM G16-95(2004) - Standard Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion Data
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Refers
ASTM D1129-04 - Standard Terminology Relating to Water
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004

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ASTM D2688-15e1 - Standard Test Method for Corrosivity of Water in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)ASTM D2688-15e1 - Standard Test Method for Corrosivity of Water in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)
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ASTM D2688-15e1 - Standard Test Method for Corrosivity of Water in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D2688 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Corrosivity of Water in the Absence of Heat Transfer
1
(Weight Loss Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—An editorial correction was made to 13.3.2 in July 2016.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corro- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
sivity of water by evaluating pitting and by measuring the D1129Terminology Relating to Water
weight loss of metal specimens. Pitting is a form of localized D2331Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of
corrosion: weight loss is a measure of the average corrosion Water-Formed Deposits
rate. The rate of corrosion of a metal immersed in water is a D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
function of the tendency for the metal to corrode and is also a Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
functionofthetendencyforwaterandthematerialsitcontains G1Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
to promote (or inhibit) corrosion. sion Test Specimens
G16Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion
1.2 The test method employs flat, rectangular-shaped metal
Data
coupons which are mounted on pipe plugs and exposed to the
water flowing in metal piping in municipal, building, and
3. Terminology
industrial water systems using a side stream corrosion speci-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
men rack.
standard, refer to Terminology D1129.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4. Significance and Use
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
4.1 Since the two tendencies are inseparable for a metal to
tion only and are not considered standard.
corrode and for water and the materials it contains to promote
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or inhibit corrosion, the corrosiveness of a material or the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
corrosivity of water must be determined in relative, rather than
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
absolute, terms. The tendency for a material to corrode is
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
normally determined by measuring its rate of corrosion and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
comparing it with the corrosion rates of other materials in the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
same water environment. Conversely, the relative corrosivity
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ofwatermaybedeterminedbycomparingthecorrosionrateof
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
a material in the water with the corrosion rates of the same
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
materialinotherwaters.Suchtestsareuseful,forexample,for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
evaluating the effects of corrosion inhibitors on the corrosivity
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of water. Although this test methods is intended to determine
the corrosivity of water, it is equally useful for determining
corrosiveness and corrosion rate of materials. Examples of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water systems in which this method may be used include but are not
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
2
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2688–11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2688-15E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D2688 − 15
limited to open recirculating cooling water and closed chilled most common constituents will be calcium, magnesium,
and hydronic heating systems. aluminum, zinc, co
...

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ASTM D7725-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for the Continuous Measurement of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the on-line and in-line determination of high-level turbidity in water that is greater than 1.0 turbidity units (TU) in municipal, industrial and environmental usage.  
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1.3 This test method is applicable to the measurement of turbidities greater than 1.0 TU. The absolute range is dictated by the technology that is employed.  
1.4 The upper end of the measurement range is left undefined because different technologies described in this test method can cover very different ranges of turbidity.  
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ASTM D7937-15(2023)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Turbidity is monitored to help control processes, monitor the health and biology of aquatic environments and to determine the impact of environmental events such as storms, floods, runoff, etc. Turbidity is undesirable in drinking water, plant-effluent waters, water for food and beverage production, and for a large number of other water-dependent manufacturing processes. Turbidity is often reduced by coagulation, sedimentation and water filtration. The measurement of turbidity may indicate the presence of particle-bound contaminants and is vital for monitoring the completion of a particle-waste settling process. Significant uses of turbidity measurements include:  
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5.1.4 Measure performance of water and land-use management;  
5.1.5 Monitor waterside construction, mining, and dredging operations;  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the in-situ field measurements of turbidity in surface water. The measurement range is greater than 1 TU and the lesser of 10 000 TU or the maximum measurable TU value specified by the turbidimeter manufacturer.  
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Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are applicable for such purposes as impurity detection and, in some cases, the quantitative measurement of ionic constituents dissolved in waters. These include dissolved electrolytes in natural and treated waters, such as boiler water, boiler feedwater, cooling water, and saline and brackish water.  
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SCOPE
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Range  
Sections  
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12 to 18  
Measurement of Static (Non-Flowing) Samples  
μS/cm  
Test Method B—Continuous In-Line Measure  
5 to 200 000  
19 to 23  
ment  
μS/cm  
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5.1 Conductivity measurements are typically made on samples of moderate to high ionic strength where contamination of open samples in routine laboratory handling is negligible. Under those conditions, standard temperature compensation using coefficients of 1 to 3 % of reading per degree Celsius over wide concentration ranges is appropriate. In contrast, this test method requires special considerations to reduce trace contamination and accommodates the high and variable temperature coefficients of pure water samples that can range as high as 7 % of reading per degree Celsius. In addition, measuring instrument design performance must be proven under high purity conditions.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of electrical conductivity and resistivity of high purity water samples below 10 μS/cm (above 0.1 Mohm-cm). It is applicable to both continuous and periodic measurements but in all cases, the water must be flowing in order to provide representative sampling. Static grab sampling cannot be used for such high purity water. Continuous measurements are made directly in pure water process lines, or in side stream sample lines to enable measurements on high temperature or high pressure samples, or both.  
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ASTM D1498-14(2022)e1(Test Method)
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ABSTRACT
This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the electrometric measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in water. The test method described has been designed for the routine and process measurement of oxidation-reduction potential. ORP is defined as the electromotive force between a noble metal electrode and a reference electrode when immersed in a solution. The ORP electrodes are inert and measure the ratio of the activities of the oxidized to the reduced species present. In addition, the ORP electrodes reliably measure ORP in nearly all aqueous solutions and in general are not subject to solution interference from color, turbidity, colloidal matter, and suspended matter. The apparatus to be used in the measurement of ORP includes: pH meter, reference electrode, oxidation-reduction electrode and electrode assembly. Materials necessary in the procedure for ORP measurement include chemical reagents, aqua regia, water, buffer standard salts, phthalate reference buffer solution, phosphate reference buffer solution, chromic acid cleaning solution, detergent, nitric acid, redox standard solution or ferrous-ferric reference solution, and redox reference quinhydrone solutions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the electrometric measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in water. It does not deal with the manner in which the solutions are prepared, the theoretical interpretation of the oxidation-reduction potential, or the establishment of a standard oxidation-reduction potential for any given system. The test method described has been designed for the routine and process measurement of oxidation-reduction potential.  
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ASTM D2331-08(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits

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4.1 Deposits in piping from aqueous process streams serve as an indicator of fouling, corrosion or scaling. Rapid techniques of analysis are useful in identifying the nature of the deposit so that the reason for deposition can be ascertained.  
4.2 Possible treatment schemes can be devised to prevent deposition from reoccurring.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These practices provide directions for the preparation of the sample for analysis, the preliminary examination of the sample, and methods for dissolving the analytical sample or selectively separating constituents of concern.  
1.2 The general practices given here can be applied to analysis of samples from a variety of surfaces that are subject to water-formed deposits. However, the investigator must resort to individual experience and judgement in applying these procedures to specific problems.  
1.3 The practices include the following:    
Sections  
Preparation of the Analytical Sample  
8  
Preliminary Testing of the Analytical Sample  
9  
Dissolving the Analytical Sample  
10  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific warning statement, see Note 2.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fe-55 is formed in reactor coolant systems of nuclear reactors by activation of stable iron. The 55Fe is not completely removed by waste processing systems and some is released to the environment by means of normal waste liquid discharges. Power plants are required to monitor these discharges for 55Fe as well as other radionuclides.  
5.2 This technique effectively removes other activation and fission products such as isotopes of iodine, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and cesium by the addition of hold-back carriers and an anion exchange technique. The fission products (zirconium-95 and niobium-95) are selectively eluted with hydrochloric-hydrofluoric acid washes. The iron is finally separated from Zn+2 by precipitation of FePO4 at a pH of 3.0.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of 55Fe in the presence of 59Fe by liquid scintillation counting. The a-priori minimum detectable concentration for this test method is 7.4 Bq/L.2  
1.2 This test method was developed principally for the quantitative determination of 55Fe. However, after proper calibration of the liquid scintillation counter with reference standards of each nuclide, 59Fe may also be quantified.  
1.3 This test method was used successfully with Type III reagent water conforming to Specification D1193. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7168-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for 99Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method has not been evaluated for all possible matrices. Test method suitability should be determined on specific waters of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure to separate 99Tc from environmental water (non-process-related or effluent water samples). Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.  
1.2 This test method is designed to measure 99Tc in the range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a one litre sample.  
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 Technetium-99 alternatively can be determined in water samples using Practice D8026.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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1.2 This test method can be used for either absolute or relative determinations. In tracer work, the results may be expressed by comparison with a standard that is defined to be 100 %. For radioassay, data may be expressed in terms of alpha disintegration rates after calibration with a suitable standard. General information on radioactivity and measurement of radiation has been published in Refs (1-3)2 and summarized in Practices D3648.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5811-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Strontium-90 in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to measure the concentration of 90Sr in non-process water samples. This test method may be used to determine the concentration of 90Sr in environmental samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of radioactive 90Sr in environmental water samples (for example, non-process and effluent waters) in the range of 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater.  
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off