ASTM D4828-94(2016)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Practical Washability of Organic Coatings
Standard Test Methods for Practical Washability of Organic Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Interior architectural paints are subjected in use to soiling by dirt or other stains. This test method provides a way to assess relative ease of soil or stain removal from a paint film using materials common to households. This test method includes a way to evaluate the film for washability properties and changes in appearance. Thus, a formulator may evaluate the effects of composition on the washability properties of a paint. Users may also compare the ease of soil removal from different paints that are tested, preferably at the same time.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the relative ease of removal of common soil and stains from interior coatings by manual or mechanical washing with a sponge and a liquid or powder cleanser.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Designation: D4828 − 94 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Practical Washability of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
4.1 Interior architectural paints are subjected in use to
relative ease of removal of common soil and stains from
soiling by dirt or other stains. This test method provides a way
interior coatings by manual or mechanical washing with a
to assess relative ease of soil or stain removal from a paint film
sponge and a liquid or powder cleanser.
using materials common to households. This test method
includes a way to evaluate the film for washability properties
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and changes in appearance. Thus, a formulator may evaluate
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
the effects of composition on the washability properties of a
only.
paint. Users may also compare the ease of soil removal from
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
different paints that are tested, preferably at the same time.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1 Sponge and Holder.
5.2 Soil and Stain Applicator (see Fig. 1).
2. Referenced Documents
2 5.3 Weight, 100 g.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.4 Balance, weighing accurately to 0.1 g.
D3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior
5.5 Wet Film Applicator, capable of applying a wet film of
Architectural Coatings
0.9 mm (3.5 mil) thick by 150 mm (6 in.) film width.
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
1 1
5.6 GlassPlate, 455 by 165 mm by 6.3 mm (17 ⁄2 by 6 ⁄2 by
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
3
1
(Withdrawn 2016) ⁄4 in.).
5.7 Washability Machine.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.8 Black Plastic Panels.
3.1 The test material is applied to a plastic panel and
allowed to dry for 7 days or as mutually agreed. Soilants or 5.9 Masking Tape.
stains, or both, are applied to the film. The film is washed for
5.10 Straightedge,approximately430mm(17in.)inlength.
up to 100 cycles using a sponge and a liquid or powder
5.11 Cotton Tipped Swabs.
cleanser.Afterrinsinganddrying,thepanelisevaluatedforthe
degree of soil or stain removal, erosion, and any change in
5.12 Medicine Droppers.
gloss/sheen or color between the washed and unwashed area.
5.13 Suction Plate, for drawdowns.
6. Reagents and Materials
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
6.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally
ɛ1
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4828 – 94 (2012) .
by Type IV of Specification D1193.
DOI: 10.1520/D4828-94R16.
2
6.2 Soil and Staining Medium—Examples found acceptable
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
for use with this test method include, but are not limited to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
pencil, crayon, mercurochrome, ball-point pen, waterborne
the ASTM website.
3
felt-tip markers, lipstick and mineral-oil-borne soilant as out-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. lined in Test Method D3450.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4828 − 94 (2016)
FIG. 1 Solid Soil and Stain Application
6.3 Cleaning Media—Examples found acceptable for use each paint for all the projected tests. Air dry all panels in a
with this test method include, but are not limited to, commer- horizontal position for 7 days in a room maintained at 23 6
cial liquid cleansers, laboratory-standardized liquid cleaners as 2°C (73 6 3.5°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity as described
outlined in Test Method D3450, and powder cleansers. Powder in Specification D3924, or under conditions specifically app
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4828 − 94 (Reapproved 2012) D4828 − 94 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Practical Washability of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section 5.5 was editorially corrected in July 2012.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the relative ease of removal of common soil and stains from interior coatings
by manual or mechanical washing with a sponge and a liquid or powder cleanser.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior Architectural Coatings
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials (Withdrawn
3
2016)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The test material is applied to a plastic panel and allowed to dry for 7 days or as mutually agreed. Soilants or stains, or both,
are applied to the film. The film is washed for up to 100 cycles using a sponge and a liquid or powder cleanser. After rinsing and
drying, the panel is evaluated for the degree of soil or stain removal, erosion, and any change in gloss/sheen or color between the
washed and unwashed area.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Interior architectural paints are subjected in use to soiling by dirt or other stains. This test method provides a way to assess
relative ease of soil or stain removal from a paint film using materials common to households. This test method includes a way
to evaluate the film for washability properties and changes in appearance. Thus, a formulator may evaluate the effects of
composition on the washability properties of a paint. Users may also compare the ease of soil removal from different paints that
are tested, preferably at the same time.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sponge and Holder.
5.2 Soil and Stain Applicator (see Fig. 1).
5.3 Weight, 100 g.
5.4 Balance, weighing accurately to 0.1 g.
5.5 Wet Film Applicator, capable of applying a wet film of 0.9 mm (3.5 mil) thick by 150 mm (6 in.) film width.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2016. Published August 2012December 2016. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20082012 as
ɛ1
D4828 – 94 (2008).(2012) . DOI: 10.1520/D4828-94R12E01.10.1520/D4828-94R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4828 − 94 (2016)
FIG. 1 Solid Soil and Stain Application
1 1 1
5.6 Glass Plate, 455 by 165 mm by 6.3 mm (17 ⁄2 by 6 ⁄2 by ⁄4 in.).
5.7 Washability Machine.
5.8 Black Plastic Panels.
5.9 Masking Tape.
5.10 Straightedge, approximately 430 mm (17 in.) in length.
5.11 Cotton Tipped Swabs.
5.12 Medicine Droppers.
5.13 Suction Plate, for drawdowns.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined by
Type IV of Specification D1193.
6.2 Soil and Staining Medium—Examples found acceptable for use with this test method include, but are not limited to pencil,
crayon, mercurochrome, ball-point pen, waterborne felt-tip markers, lipstick and mineral-oil-borne soilant as outlined in Test
Method D3450.
6.3 Cleaning Media—Examples found acceptab
...
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