ASTM A340-14

Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing

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General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2014
• ICS: 29.030 - Magnetic materials
• Technical Committee: A06 - Magnetic Properties
• Drafting Committee: A06.92 - Terminology and Definitions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A340-03a(2011) - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Replaced By: ASTM A340-15 - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2015
• Referred By: ASTM A596/A596M-21 - Standard Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Point by Point (Ballistic) Method and Ring Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM B886-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Magnetic Saturation (Ms) of Cemented Carbides
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A976-18 - Standard Classification of Insulating Coatings for Electrical Steels by Composition, Relative Insulating Ability and Application
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A683-16 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A811-15(2022) - Standard Specification for Soft Magnetic Iron Parts Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Techniques
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A889/A889M-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Low Magnetic Flux Density Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter-Varmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Frame
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM B887-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Coercivity (Hcs) of Cemented Carbides
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A901-19 - Standard Specification for Amorphous Magnetic Core Alloys, Semi-Processed Types
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A838-18 - Standard Specification for Free-Machining Ferritic Stainless Soft Magnetic Alloy Bar for Relay Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A1036-04(2020) - Standard Guide for Measuring Power Frequency Magnetic Properties of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels Using Small Single Sheet Testers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A664-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A348/A348M-05(2021) - Standard Test Method for Alternating Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method, 100 to 10 000 Hz and 25-cm Epstein Frame
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A345-19 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A340 −14
StandardTerminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this glossary of terms, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysisanddifferentialequationssoastomakethedefinitionsmoreintelligibletotheaverageworker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this glossary to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with those found in
ANSI/IEEE 260-1978 and USA Standard Y 10.5-1968.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on
Terminology and Definitions.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A340–03a (2011).
DOI: 10.1520/A0340-14.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term ^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
α cross-sectional area of B coil H magnetic field strength
A cross-sectional area of specimen ∆H excursion range of magnetic field strength
A' solid area H biasing magnetic field strength
b
B H coercive field strength
c
magnetic induction
H intrinsic coercive field strength
ci
H
magnetic flux density
H coercivity
cs
H demagnetizing field strength
d
∆B excursion range of induction H incremental magnetic field strength
∆
H air gap magnetic field strength
B · biased induction
b g
B remanent induction H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
d L
peak value of magnetizing current
B remanence
dm
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
B H energy product
d d m
(B H ) maximum energy product esis loop
d d m
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
B incremental induction
∆ max
B intrinsic induction current loop
i
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m p
B maximum induction in a flux current loop peak value of exciting current)
max
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
B residual induction
r t
B retentivity dent with B )
max
rs
H ac magnetic field strength force (from an as-
B saturation induction
z
s
sumed peak value of exciting current)
cf crest factor
I ac exciting current (rms value)
CM cyclically magnetized condition
I ac core loss current (rms value)
d lamination thickness c
I constant current
D demagnetizing coefficient
dc
B
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
df distortion factor m
D magnetic dissipation factor J magnetic polarization
m
k' coupling coefficient
E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage ! flux path length
1
! effective flux path length
E induced secondary voltage
1
2
! gap length
E flux volts g
f
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
f cyclic frequency in hertz
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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A340−14
+ mutual flux linkage ∆χ incremental tolerance
m
L self inductance β hysteretic angle
L core inductance γ loss angle
1
L incremental inductance cos γ magnetic power factor
∆
L intrinsic inductance γ proton gyromagnetic ratio
i p
L mutual inductance Γ magnetic constant
m m
L initial inductance δ density
0
L series inductance κ susceptibility
s
L winding inductance ac Permeabilities:
w
m magnetic moment µ ideal permeability
a
M magnetization µ inductance permeability
L
m total mass of a specimen µ L incremental inductance permeability
∆
m active mass of a specimen µ initial dynamic permeability
1 0d
N demagnetizing factor µ peak permeability
D p
N turns in a primary winding µ incremental peak permeability
1 ∆p
N turns in a secondary winding µ instantaneous permeability
2 i
N I/! ac excitation µ impedance permeability
1 1 z
p magnetic pole strength µ incremental impedance permeability
∆z
3 permeance dc Permeabilities:
P active (real) power µ normal permeability
P apparent power µ absolute permeability
a abs
P specific apparent power µ differential permeability
a (B;f) d
P total core loss µ incremental permeability
c ∆
P specific core loss µ effective circuit permeability
c (B;f) eff
P incremental core loss µ intrinsic permeability
c∆ i
P normal eddy current core loss µ incremental intrinsic permeability
e ∆i
P incremental eddy current core loss µ maximum permeability
∆e m
P normal hysteresis core loss µ initial permeability
h 0
P incremental hysteres
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A340 − 03a (Reapproved 2011) A340 − 14
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this glossary of terms, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysis and differential equations so as to make the definitions more intelligible to the average worker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this glossary to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with those found in
ANSI/IEEE 260-1978 and USA Standard Y 10.5-1968.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term
α cross-sectional area of B coil
A cross-sectional area of specimen
A' solid area
B
magnetic induction
H
magnetic flux density
ΔB excursion range of induction
B · biased induction
b
B remanent induction
d
B remanence
dm
B H energy product
d d
(B H ) maximum energy product
d d m
B incremental induction
Δ
B intrinsic induction
i
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m
B maximum induction in a flux current loop
max
B residual induction
r
B retentivity
rs
B saturation induction
s
cf crest factor
CM cyclically magnetized condition
d lamination thickness
D demagnetizing coefficient
B
df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage
1
E induced secondary voltage
2
E flux volts
f
f cyclic frequency in hertz
^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
H magnetic field strength
ΔH excursion range of magnetic field strength
H biasing magnetic field strength
b
H coercive field strength
c
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on Terminology
and Definitions.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2014. Published August 2011October 2014. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20032011 as
A340–03a. –03a (2011). DOI: 10.1520/A0340-03AR11.10.1520/A0340-14.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340 − 14
H intrinsic coercive field strength
ci
H coercivity
cs
H demagnetizing field strength
d
H incremental magnetic field strength
Δ
H air gap magnetic field strength
g
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
L
peak value of magnetizing current
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
m
esis loop
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
max
current loop
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
peak value of exciting current)
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
t
dent with B )
max
H ac magnetic field strength force (from an as-
z
sumed peak value of exciting current)
I ac exciting current (rms value)
I ac core loss current (rms value)
c
I constant current
dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
m
J magnetic polarization
k' coupling coefficient
! flux path length
! effective flux path length
1
! gap length
g
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
+ mutual flux linkage
m
L self inductance
L core inductance
1
L incremental inductance
Δ
L intrinsic inductance
i
L mutual inductance
m
L initial inductance
0
L series inductance
s
L winding inductance
w
m magnetic moment
M magnetization
m total mass of a specimen
m active mass of a specimen
1
N demagnetizing factor
D
N turns in a primary winding
1
N turns in a secondary winding
2
N I/! ac excitation
1 1
p magnetic pole strength
3 permeance
P active (real) power
P apparent power
a
P specific apparent power
a (B;f)
P total core loss
c
P specific core loss
c (B;f)
P incremental core loss
cΔ
P normal eddy current core loss
e
P incremental eddy current core loss
Δe
P normal hysteresis core loss
h
P incremental hysteresis core loss
Δh
P reactive (quadrature) power
q
P residual core loss
r
P winding loss (copper loss)
w
P exciting power
z
P specific exciting power
z (B;f)
Q magnetic storage factor
m
5 reluctance
R core resistance
1
R winding resistance
w
S lamination factor (stacking factor)
SCM symmetrically cyclically magnetized condition
T Curie temperature
c
w lamination width
...