Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills from fuzz under test conditions intended to simulate normal wear using the brush pilling tester. This procedure is generally applicable to all types of apparel fabrics including both woven and knitted fabrics. Note 1For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D 3512, D 3514, and D 4970.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D3511-07 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3511–07
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3511; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
ADJD3512 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pro-
Tumble Pilling Test
pensity of a fabric to form pills from fuzz under test conditions
intended to simulate normal wear using the brush pilling tester.
3. Terminology
This procedure is generally applicable to all types of apparel
3.1 Definitions:
fabrics including both woven and knitted fabrics.
3.1.1 fuzz, n—untangled fiber ends that protrude from the
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles,
surface of a yarn or fabric.
refer to Test Methods D 3512, D 3514, and D 4970.
3.1.2 pilling resistance, n—resistance to the formation of
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
pills on the surface of a textile fabric.
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
3.1.3 pills, n—bunches or balls of tangled fibers which are
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values
held to the surface of a fabric by one or more fibers.
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.4 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
4. Summary of Test Method
with the specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the fuzzing, which occur in normal wear are simulated on labora-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tory testing machines. Fabrics are subjected to simulated wear
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- conditions: first brushing the specimens to free fiber ends that
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
form fuzz on the surface of the fabric, then rubbing two of the
specimens together in circular motion to roll the fiber ends into
2. Referenced Documents
pills.Thedegreeoffabricpillingisevaluatedbycomparingthe
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tested specimens with visual standards, which may be actual
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
fabrics or photographs of fabrics, showing a range of pilling
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported using
D 3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
an arbitrary rating scale.
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble
5. Significance and Use
Pilling Tester
D 3514 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re- 5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
resistancetopillingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetesting.
D 4970 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re- If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale
caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some
Tester cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a
commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the
best available method, even though the method has not been
recommended for acceptance testing.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
Specific. tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 3511 – 05.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho-
the ASTM website. hocken, PA 19428. Request ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D3511–07
a statistical bias betwee
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3511–05 Designation:D3511–07
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3511; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthepropensityofafabrictoformpillsfromfuzzundertestconditionsintended
to simulate normal wear using the brush pilling tester. This procedure is generally applicable to all types of apparel fabrics
including both woven and knitted fabrics.
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D 3512, D 3514, and D 4970.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in parentheses.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling
Tester
D 3514 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
D 4970 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes ofTextile Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Fabrics:
Martindale Tester Method)
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
ADJD3512 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random Tumble Pilling TestASTM Adjuncts:
ADJD3512 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random Tumble Pilling Test
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 fuzz, n—untangled fiber ends that protrude from the surface of a yarn or fabric.
3.1.2 pilling resistance, n—resistance to the formation of pills on the surface of a textile fabric.
3.1.3 pills, n—bunches or balls of tangled fibers which are held to the surface of a fabric by one or more fibers.
3.1.4 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as fuzzing, which occur in normal wear are simulated on laboratory
testing machines. Fabrics are subjected to simulated wear conditions: first brushing the specimens to free fiber ends that form fuzz
on the surface of the fabric, then rubbing two of the specimens together in circular motion to roll the fiber ends into pills. The
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on FabricTest Methods, Specific.
Current edition approved Sept.July 1, 2005.2007. Published October 2005.August 2007. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20022005 as
D 3511 – 025.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. Request ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3511–07
degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparing the tested specimens with visual standards, which may be actual fabrics or
photographsoffabrics,showingarangeofpillingresistance.Theobservedresistancetopillingisreportedusinganarbitraryrating
scale.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If
it is used for acceptance testing, it should be use
...

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