ASTM A255-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Hardenability of Steel
Standard Test Method for Determining Hardenability of Steel
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the identification and description of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels. The two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of steel from the chemical composition based on the original work by M. A. Grossman.
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for determining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon between the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test Report shall state the method of hardenability determination.
1.3 The calculation method described in these test methods is applicable only to the range of chemical compositions that follow: ElementRange, % Carbon0.10-0.70 Manganese0.50-1.65 Silicon0.15-0.60 Chromium1.35 max Nickel1.50 max Molybdenum0.55 max
1.4 Hardenability is a measure of the depth to which steel will harden when quenched from its austenitizing temperature (Table 1). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the extent or depth of hardening of a standard size and shape of test specimen in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the quenched end which correlates to a given hardness level.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A 255 – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
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Determining Hardenability of Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 255; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
A
TABLE 1 Normalizing and Austenitizing Temperatures
1. Scope
Normalizing Austenitizing
1.1 These test methods cover the identification and descrip-
Steel Series Ordered Carbon Temperature, °F Temperature, °F
tion of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels.
Content, max, % (°C) (°C)
The two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or
1000, 1300, 1500, 0.25 and under 1700 (925) 1700 (925)
Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of
3100, 4000, 4100
4300, 4400, 4500, 0.26 to 0.36, incl 1650 (900) 1600 (870)
steel from the chemical composition based on the original work
4600, 4700, 5000,
by M. A. Grossman.
B
5100, 6100, 8100,
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for deter- 8600, 8700, 8800,
9400, 9700, 9800
mining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon
0.37 and over 1600 (870) 1550 (845)
between the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test
2300, 2500, 3300, 0.25 and under 1700 (925) 1550 (845)
Report shall state the method of hardenability determination. 4800, 9300
0.26 to 0.36, incl 1650 (900) 1500 (815)
1.3 The calculation method described in these test methods
0.37 and over 1600 (870) 1475 (800)
is applicable only to the range of chemical compositions that
9200 0.50 and over 1650 (900) 1600 (870)
follow:
A
A variation of 610°F (6°C) from the temperatures in this table is permissible.
B
Element Range, % Normalizing and austenitizing temperatures are 50°F (30°C) higher for the
6100 series.
Carbon 0.10–0.70
Manganese 0.50–1.65
Silicon 0.15–0.60
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
Chromium 1.35 max 2
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
Nickel 1.50 max
E 112 Test Methods for Determining the Average Grain
Molybdenum 0.55 max
2
Size
1.4 Hardenability is a measure of the depth to which steel
will harden when quenched from its austenitizing temperature
END-QUENCH OR JOMINY TEST
(Table 1). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the
3. Description
extent or depth of hardening of a standard size and shape of test
specimen in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the
3.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the
the hardenability of steel by the end-quench or Jominy test. The
quenched end which correlates to a given hardness level.
test consists of water quenching one end of a cylindrical test
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
specimen 1.0 in. in diameter and measuring the hardening
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
response as a function of the distance from the quenched end.
information only.
4. Apparatus
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Support for Test Specimen—A fixture for supporting the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
test specimen vertically so that the lower end of the specimen
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
is a distance of 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) above the orifice of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
water-quenching device. A satisfactory type of support for the
standard 1.0-in. (25.4-mm) specimen is shown in Fig. 1.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—A suitable support for other sizes and shapes of specimens is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shown in Fig. X1.1.
4.2 Water-Quenching Device—A water-quenching device
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on
of suitable capacity to provide a vertical stream of water that
Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A01.15 on Bars.
Current edition approved March 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally
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published as A 255–42. Last previous edition A 255–96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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A 255
FIG. 1 Test Specimen in Support for Water Quenching
can be controlled to a height of 2.5 in. (63.5 mm) when passing may be waived by agreement between the supplier and the
through an orifice 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter. A tank of user. The previo
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