ASTM D789-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determination of Solution Viscosities of Polyamide (PA)
Standard Test Methods for Determination of Solution Viscosities of Polyamide (PA)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended for use as control and acceptance tests. They are also applicable in the partial evaluation of materials for specific end uses and as a means for detecting changes in materials due to specific deteriorating causes.
4.2 The steps involved in running this method are:
4.2.1 Calibration of the viscometers,
4.2.2 Preparation of solutions,
4.2.3 Determination of efflux time,
4.2.4 Calculation of relative viscosity (which requires the following),
4.2.4.1 Determining the density of the polymer/formic acid solution, and
4.2.4.2 Determining the absolute viscosity of the formic acid used.
4.3 Viscosity for groups 03, 04, and 05 (PA11, PA12, and PA6,12) in Classification System D6779 shall be measured using solvents other than formic acid. Relative viscosities for Groups 03 and 04 shall be measured using 0.5 g of polymer dissolved in 99.5 g of m-cresol at 25.0 ± 0.1°C in a Cannon-Fenske No. 200 viscometer. Inherent viscosity of Group 05 shall be measured using 0.5 g of polymer dissolved in 100 mL of m-cresol at 25.0 ± 0.1°C in a Cannon-Fenske No. 200 viscometer. The inherent viscosity is calculated as follows:
where:
ts = average efflux time for sample solution, tc = average efflux time for solvent, and C = concentration in g/100 mL
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of solution viscosities as they apply to polyamide (PA).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This standard and ISO 307 address the same subject, but the technical content is different.
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Designation: D789 − 15
Standard Test Methods for
1
Determination of Solution Viscosities of Polyamide (PA)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* evaluationofmaterialsforspecificendusesandasameansfor
detecting changes in materials due to specific deteriorating
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of solution
causes.
viscosities as they apply to polyamide (PA).
4.2 The steps involved in running this method are:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.2.1 Calibration of the viscometers,
standard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly.
4.2.2 Preparation of solutions,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2.3 Determination of efflux time,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2.4 Calculation of relative viscosity (which requires the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
following),
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2.4.1 Determining the density of the polymer/formic acid
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
solution, and
4.2.4.2 Determining the absolute viscosity of the formic
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO307 address the same subject, but the
technical content is different.
acid used.
2. Referenced Documents 4.3 Viscosity for groups 03, 04, and 05 (PA11, PA12, and
2
PA6,12) in Classification System D6779 shall be measured
2.1 ASTM Standards:
using solvents other than formic acid. Relative viscosities for
D446Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
Groups 03 and 04 shall be measured using 0.5 g of polymer
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
dissolved in 99.5 g of m-cresol at 25.0 6 0.1°C in a
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
Cannon-Fenske No. 200 viscometer. Inherent viscosity of
D6779Classification System for and Basis of Specification
Group 05 shall be measured using 0.5 g of polymer dissolved
for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)
3
in100mLofm-cresolat25.0 60.1°CinaCannon-FenskeNo.
2.2 ISO Standards:
200viscometer.Theinherentviscosityiscalculatedasfollows:
ISO307Determination of Viscosity Number of Polyamides
in Dilute Solutions ln t /t
~ !
s c
Inherent viscosity 5 (1)
ISO17025General Requirements for the Competence of
C
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
where:
3. Terminology
t = average efflux time for sample solution,
s
t = average efflux time for solvent, and
c
3.1 Definitions—The definitions used in these test methods
C = concentration in g/100 mL
are in accordance with Terminology D883.
4. Significance and Use
5. Test Specimen
4.1 These test methods are intended for use as control and
5.1 Testspecimensforthevarioustestsshallconformtothe
acceptance tests. They are also applicable in the partial
requirements prescribed herein.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics 6. Number of Tests
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.15onThermoplasticMaterials
6.1 One determination shall be considered sufficient for
(Section D20.15.09).
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally testing each molding powder batch or resin lot. Table 1 gives
ε1
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D789-07 . DOI:
repeatability and reproducibility statistics for relative viscosity
10.1520/D0789-15.
testing.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 7. Sampling
the ASTM website.
3
7.1 Thematerialshallbesampledstatisticallyorthesample
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. shall come from a process that is in statistical control.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D789 − 15
7.2 Samples in many forms, such as molded powder, 9.2.1.6 Pycnometer, calibrated, 50-mL.
molded shapes, or re-grind are permitted. It is recommended
9.2.1.7 Automatic Pipet, calibrated, 100-mL.
thatmoldedspecimensbecutintosmallerpartspriortotesting.
9.2.1.8 Erlenmeyer Flasks, 250-mL, heat-resistant glass.
9.2.1.9 Shaking Machine.
8. Conditioning
9.2.1.10 Rubber Bulbs.
8.1 Test Conditions—Do not remove samples from sealed,
9.2.1.11 Timer, accurate to 0.2 s.
airtight contain
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D789 − 07 D789 − 15
Standard Test Methods for
1,21
Determination of Solution Viscosities of Polyamide (PA)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Added research report information to Section 10 editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of solution viscosities as they apply to polyamide (PA).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 307 address the same subject, but the technical content is different.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D6779 Classification System for and Basis of Specification for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 307 Determination of Viscosity Number of Polyamides in Dilute Solutions
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions used in these test methods are in accordance with Terminology D883.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods are intended for use as control and acceptance tests. They are also applicable in the partial evaluation
of materials for specific end uses and as a means for detecting changes in materials due to specific deteriorating causes.
4.2 Since some materials require special treatment, refer to the ASTM test methods applicable to the material being tested.
Classification System D4000 lists materials that would be applicable to the tests contained in these test methods.
4.2 The steps involved in running this method are:
4.2.1 Calibration of the viscometers,
4.2.2 Preparation of solutions,
4.2.3 Determination of efflux time,
4.2.4 Calculation of relative viscosity (which requires the following),
4.2.4.1 Determining the density of the polymer/formic acid solution, and
4.2.4.2 Determining the absolute viscosity of the formic acid used.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials
(Section D20.15.09).
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007April 1, 2015. Published September 2007May 2015. Originally approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 as
ε1
D789 - 06a.D789 - 07 . DOI: 10.1520/D0789-07E01.10.1520/D0789-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D789 − 15
4.3 Viscosity for groups 03, 04, and 05 (PA11, PA12, and PA6,12) in Classification System D6779 shall be measured using
solvents other than formic acid. Relative viscosities for Groups 03 and 04 shall be measured using 0.5 g of polymer dissolved in
99.5 g of m-cresol at 25.0 6 0.1°C in a Cannon-Fenske No. 200 viscometer. Inherent viscosity of Group 05 shall be measured using
0.5 g of polymer dissolved in 100 mL of m-cresol at 25.0 6 0.1°C in a Cannon-Fenske No. 200 viscometer. The inherent viscosity
is calculated as follows:
ln~t /t !
s c
Inherent viscosity 5 (1)
C
where:
t = average efflux time for sample solution,
s
t = average efflux time for solvent, and
c
C = concentration in g/100 mL
5. Test Specimen
5.1 Test specimens for the various tests shall conform to the requirements prescrib
...
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