ASTM D2285-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Against Water by the Drop-Weight Method (Withdrawn 2008)
Standard Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Against Water by the Drop-Weight Method (Withdrawn 2008)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method indicates the presence of hydrophilic compounds. These compounds can be an indicator of contaminants in new oil and in used oil, oxidation or deterioration of the oil or materials of construction in contact with the oil.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a comparatively rapid procedure particularly applicable for field use for measuring, under nonequilibrium conditions, the interfacial tensions of electrical insulating oils of petroleum origin against water. This test method has been shown by experience to give a reliable indication of the presence of hydrophilic compounds. This test method may not be applicable for highly viscus insulating fluids.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Formerly under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases, and Subcommittee D27.07 on Physical Test, this specification was withdrawn in February 2008 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D 2285–99
Standard Test Method for
Interfacial Tension of Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum
Origin Against Water by the Drop-Weight Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2285; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers a comparatively rapid proce- 5.1 Tensiometer that provides a simple way of injecting a
dure particularly applicable for field use for measuring, under measured quantity of water into oil. The scale attached to the
nonequilibrium conditions, the interfacial tensions of electrical piston forcing the water into the oil is graduated in millinew-
insulating oils of petroleum origin against water. This test tons per metre (dynes per centimetre).
method has been shown by experience to give a reliable 5.2 Test Specimen Container—Glass beaker or transparent
indication of the presence of hydrophilic compounds. This test cylindrical vessel having a minimum diameter of 1 in. (25.4
method may not be applicable for highly viscous insulating mm).
fluids. 5.3 Needle, supplied with the tensiometer having a blunt
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety end with a 90° angle. Follow manufacturer’s guidelines for
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility selection.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
6. Preparation of Apparatus
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. 6.1 Wipe the needle free of oil with clean lint free paper,
avoiding any upward motion that may embed a bit of fiber on
2. Referenced Documents
the sharp needle. Do not use an oil solvent on the needle or
2.1 ASTM Standards: barrel.
D 971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against 6.2 Force distilled water through the barrel and needle to
Water by the Ring Method clean the inside. Only when contamination is suspected should
D 1298 Practice for Density (Specific Gravity) or API detergents or solvents be used for cleaning, followed by a
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod- thorough rinsing with distilled water. Detergents will lower
ucts by Hydrometer Method interfacial tension results
6.3 Clean the test specimen container by removing any
3. Summary of Test Method
residual oil with petroleum naphtha (see Note 1) or other
3.1 Interfacial tension is determined by measuring the suitable hydrocarbon solvents followed by washing with a
volume of a drop of water formed in oil. A larger water drop
detergent solution. Rinse thoroughly with tap water, then
means a higher interfacial tension. The instrument is calibrated distilled water.
to read approximately in millinewtons per metre (dynes per
NOTE 1—Warning: Petroleum naphtha is flammable and harmful if
centimetre). The measurement is completed within 1 min after
inhaled.
the formation of the water drop in oil.
7. Calibration of Apparatus
4. Significance and Use
7.1 Interfacial tension, in millinewtons per metre (dynes per
4.1 This test method indicates the presence of hydrophilic
centimetre), is determined by the following equation:
compounds. These compounds can be an indicator of contami-
Interfacial tension, m N/m 5 R ~D 2 d!~S/R !
1 2
nants in new oil and in used oil, oxidation or deterioration of
the oil or materials of construction in contact with the oil.
1 4
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-27 on Use a tensiometer that employs the drop weight principle for measuring
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- interfacial tension. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the
mittee D27.07 on Physical Test. committee at this time is a tensiometer available from Gerin Corp., 1109 7th
Current edition approved March 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally Avenue, Neptune, NJ 00753. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please
published as D 2285 – 64 T. Last previous edition D 2285 – 98. providethisinformationtoASTMheadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecareful
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03. consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. attend.
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D 2285
7.4.5 The average of ten such “drops in air” is taken as the
orifice calibration of water in air, that is, the R value.
7.5 Any reading deviati
...
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