ASTM C1456-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for the Determination of Uranium or Gadolinium, or Both, in Gadolinium Oxide-Uranium Oxide Pellets or by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
Standard Test Method for the Determination of Uranium or Gadolinium, or Both, in Gadolinium Oxide-Uranium Oxide Pellets or by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is applicable to samples containing 2 to 10 % gadolinium oxide and 90 to 98 % uranium oxide on the “as received” basis. The method may be used to determine concentration of either uranium, gadolinium, or both.
Either wavelength-dispersive or energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence systems may be used provided the software accompanying the system is able to accommodate the use of internal standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the steps necessary for the preparation and analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of gadolinium or uranium (or both) in gadolinium oxide-uranium oxide pellets or powders.
1.2 This test method requires the use of appropriate internal standard(s). Care must be taken to ascertain that samples analyzed by this method do not contain the internal standard element(s) or that this contamination has been corrected for mathematically whenever present. Such corrections are not addressed in this test method.
1.3 This standard contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 8 and various notes throughout the method.
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Designation: C1456 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Uranium or Gadolinium (or both) in
Gadolinium Oxide-Uranium Oxide Pellets or by X-Ray
1
Fluorescence (XRF)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Systems (With-
3
drawn 2011)
1.1 This test method describes the steps necessary for the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
preparation and analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
gadolinium or uranium (or both) in gadolinium oxide-uranium
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
oxide pellets or powders.
2.2 Other Document
1.2 This test method requires the use of appropriate internal
ANSI/HPS N43.2-2001 Radiation Safety for X-ray Diffrac-
4
standard(s). Care must be taken to ascertain that samples
tion and X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Equipment
analyzed by this method do not contain the internal standard
3. Terminology
element(s) or that this contamination has been corrected for
mathematically whenever present. Such corrections are not
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
addressed in this test method.
see Terminology E135.
1.3 Thisstandardcontainsnotesthatareexplanatoryandare
3.2 Symbol: LiTB = lithium tetraborate (see 7.4).
not part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 4.1 Solution or pellet standards containing the equivalent of
1–10 % gadolinium oxide and 90–99 % uranium oxide and
standard.
appropriate internal standards are placed in the sample holder
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of an X-ray spectrometer and exposed to an X-ray beam
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
capable of exciting the uranium and gadolinium L-α emission
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lines and the appropriate emission line for the internal stan-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
dard. The intensities generated are measured by an appropriate
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
detector. The intensity ratio values obtained from this data are
tions are given in Section 8 and various notes throughout the
used to calibrate the X-ray analyzer.
method.
4.2 Samples are prepared in the same manner as the
standards and analyzed using conditions and curves generated
2. Referenced Documents
from those standards.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE1—Yttriumandstrontiumhavebeenusedsuccessfullyasinternal
C1118 Guide for Selecting Components for Wavelength-
standards for uranium and samarium for gadolinium. Scatter lines also
5
have been used as internal standard lines. An explanation of internal
6,7
standard method is found in several sources.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of www.astm.org.
4
Test. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C1456 – 00. DOI: Andermann, G, and Kemp, J.W., “Scattered X-Rays as Internal Standards in
10.1520/C1456-08. X-Ray Spectroscopy,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol 20 (8), 1958.
2 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Bertin, E.P., Introduction to X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis, Plenum Press, New
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM York and London, 1978.
7
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Tertian, R. and Claisse, F., Principles of Quantitative X-Ray Fluorescence
the ASTM website. Analysis, Heyden and Son, London, Philadelphia and Rheine, 1982.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1456 − 08
5. Significance and Use 7.6 Samarium Oxide, Sm O , or other suitable internal
2 3
standard for gadolinium (see Note 1).
5.1 Thistestmethodisapplicabletosamplescontaining2to
9
10 % gadolinium oxide and 90 to 98 % uranium oxide on the 7.7 Uranium Oxide, U O , NBLCRM-129 (or equivalent).
3 8
“as
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1456–00 Designation:C1456–08
Standard Test Method for
the Determination of Uranium or Gadolinium, or
Both,Gadolinium (or both) in Gadolinium Oxide-Uranium
1
Oxide Pellets or by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This standard describes the steps necessary for the preparation and analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of gadolinium
and/or uranium in gadolinium oxide-uranium oxide pellets or powders.
1.2This method requires the use of appropriate internal standard(s). Care must be taken to ascertain that samples analyzed by
this method do not contain the internal standard element(s) or that this contamination has been corrected for mathematically
whenever present. Such corrections are not addressed in this standard.
1.3
1.1 This test method describes the steps necessary for the preparation and analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of gadolinium
or uranium (or both) in gadolinium oxide-uranium oxide pellets or powders.
1.2 This test method requires the use of appropriate internal standard(s). Care must be taken to ascertain that samples analyzed
by this method do not contain the internal standard element(s) or that this contamination has been corrected for mathematically
whenever present. Such corrections are not addressed in this test method.
1.3 This standard contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 8 and various notes throughout the method.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:C982Guide for Selecting Components for Generic Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Systems
2
C 1118 Guide for Selecting Components for Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Systems
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E 135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials Terminology Relating to
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
2.2 Other Document
3
ANSI/HPS N43.2-2001 Radiation Safety for X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Equipment
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions— For definitions of terms used in this guide, see Terminology E 135.
3.2 Symbol:
LiTB = lithium tetraborate (see 7.4).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Solution or pellet standards containing the equivalent of 1–10 % gadolinium oxide and 90–99 % uranium oxide and
appropriate internal standards are placed in the sample holder of a x-rayan X-ray spectrometer and exposed to an x-rayX-ray beam
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C-26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2000. Published March 2000.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 1456 – 00.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 12.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1456–08
capable of exciting the uranium and gadolinium L-a emission lines and the appropriate emission line for the internal standard.The
intensities generated are measured by
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1456–00 Designation:C1456–08
Standard Test Method for
the Determination of Uranium or Gadolinium, or
Both,Gadolinium (or both) in Gadolinium Oxide-Uranium
1
Oxide Pellets or by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This standard describes the steps necessary for the preparation and analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of gadolinium
and/or uranium in gadolinium oxide-uranium oxide pellets or powders.
1.2This method requires the use of appropriate internal standard(s). Care must be taken to ascertain that samples analyzed by
this method do not contain the internal standard element(s) or that this contamination has been corrected for mathematically
whenever present. Such corrections are not addressed in this standard.
1.3
1.1 This test method describes the steps necessary for the preparation and analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of gadolinium
or uranium (or both) in gadolinium oxide-uranium oxide pellets or powders.
1.2 This test method requires the use of appropriate internal standard(s). Care must be taken to ascertain that samples analyzed
by this method do not contain the internal standard element(s) or that this contamination has been corrected for mathematically
whenever present. Such corrections are not addressed in this test method.
1.3 This standard contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 8 and various notes throughout the method.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:C982Guide for Selecting Components for Generic Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Systems
2
C 1118 Guide for Selecting Components for Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Systems
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E 135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials Terminology Relating to
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
2.2 Other Document
3
ANSI/HPS N43.2-2001 Radiation Safety for X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Equipment
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions— For definitions of terms used in this guide, see Terminology E 135.
3.2 Symbol:
LiTB = lithium tetraborate (see 7.4).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Solution or pellet standards containing the equivalent of 1–10 % gadolinium oxide and 90–99 % uranium oxide and
appropriate internal standards are placed in the sample holder of a x-rayan X-ray spectrometer and exposed to an x-rayX-ray beam
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C-26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2000. Published March 2000.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 1456 – 00.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 12.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1456–08
capable of exciting the uranium and gadolinium L-a emission lines and the appropriate emission line for the internal standard.The
intensities generated are measured by
...
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