ASTM C1456-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Uranium or Gadolinium (or both) in Gadolinium Oxide-Uranium Oxide Pellets or by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Uranium or Gadolinium (or both) in Gadolinium Oxide-Uranium Oxide Pellets or by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is applicable to samples containing 1 to 10 % gadolinium oxide and 90 to 99 % uranium oxide on the “as received” basis. The method may be used to determine concentration of either uranium, gadolinium, or both.
5.2 Either wavelength-dispersive or energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence systems may be used provided the software accompanying the system is able to accommodate the use of internal standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the steps necessary for the preparation and analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of gadolinium or uranium (or both) in gadolinium oxide-uranium oxide pellets or powders.
1.2 This test method requires the use of appropriate internal standard(s). Care must be taken to ascertain that samples analyzed by this method do not contain the internal standard element(s) or that this contamination has been corrected for mathematically whenever present. Such corrections are not addressed in this test method.
1.3 This standard contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 8 and various notes throughout the method.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1456 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Uranium or Gadolinium (or both) in
Gadolinium Oxide-Uranium Oxide Pellets or by X-Ray
1
Fluorescence (XRF)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Document
ANSI/HPS N43.2-2001 Radiation Safety for X-ray Diffrac-
1.1 This test method describes the steps necessary for the
3
tion and X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Equipment
preparation and analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of
gadolinium or uranium (or both) in gadolinium oxide-uranium
3. Terminology
oxide pellets or powders.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
1.2 This test method requires the use of appropriate internal
see Terminology E135.
standard(s). Care must be taken to ascertain that samples
3.2 Symbol: LiTB = lithium tetraborate (see 7.4).
analyzed by this method do not contain the internal standard
element(s) or that this contamination has been corrected for
4. Summary of Test Method
mathematically whenever present. Such corrections are not
addressed in this test method.
4.1 Solution or pellet standards containing the equivalent of
1–10 % gadolinium oxide and 90–99 % uranium oxide and
1.3 Thisstandardcontainsnotesthatareexplanatoryandare
appropriate internal standards are placed in the sample holder
not part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.
of an X-ray spectrometer and exposed to an X-ray beam
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
capable of exciting the uranium and gadolinium L-α emission
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
lines and the appropriate emission line for the internal stan-
standard.
dard. The intensities generated are measured by an appropriate
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
detector. The intensity ratio values obtained from this data are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the used to calibrate the X-ray analyzer.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Samples are prepared in the same manner as the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
standards and analyzed using conditions and curves generated
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
from those standards.
tions are given in Section 8 and various notes throughout the
NOTE1—Yttriumandstrontiumhavebeenusedsuccessfullyasinternal
method.
standards for uranium and samarium for gadolinium. Scatter lines also
4
have been used as internal standard lines. An explanation of internal
2. Referenced Documents 5,6
standard method is found in several sources.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
5.1 Thistestmethodisapplicabletosamplescontaining1to
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
10 % gadolinium oxide and 90 to 99 % uranium oxide on the
“as received” basis. The method may be used to determine
concentration of either uranium, gadolinium, or both.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of
3
Test. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approved 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1456 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/ Andermann, G, and Kemp, J.W., “Scattered X-Rays as Internal Standards in
C1456-13. X-Ray Spectroscopy,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol 20 (8), 1958.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Bertin, E.P., Introduction to X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis, Plenum Press, New
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM York and London, 1978.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Tertian, R. and Claisse, F., Principles of Quantitative X-Ray Fluorescence
the ASTM website. Analysis, Heyden and Son, London, Philadelphia and Rheine, 1982.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1456 − 13
8
5.2 Either wavelength-dispersive or energy-dispersive 7.7 Uranium Oxide, U O , NBLCRM-129 (or equivalent).
3 8
X-ray fluorescence systems may be used provided the software
NOTE 2—High purity UO may be used if certification of uranium
2
accompanying the s
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1456 − 08 C1456 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Uranium or Gadolinium (or both) in
Gadolinium Oxide-Uranium Oxide Pellets or by X-Ray
1
Fluorescence (XRF)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the steps necessary for the preparation and analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of gadolinium
or uranium (or both) in gadolinium oxide-uranium oxide pellets or powders.
1.2 This test method requires the use of appropriate internal standard(s). Care must be taken to ascertain that samples analyzed
by this method do not contain the internal standard element(s) or that this contamination has been corrected for mathematically
whenever present. Such corrections are not addressed in this test method.
1.3 This standard contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 8 and various notes throughout the method.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C1118 Guide for Selecting Components for Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Systems (Withdrawn 2011)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
2.2 Other Document
3
ANSI/HPS N43.2-2001 Radiation Safety for X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Equipment
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide, see Terminology E135.
3.2 Symbol: LiTB = lithium tetraborate (see 7.4).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Solution or pellet standards containing the equivalent of 1–10 % gadolinium oxide and 90–99 % uranium oxide and
appropriate internal standards are placed in the sample holder of an X-ray spectrometer and exposed to an X-ray beam capable of
exciting the uranium and gadolinium L-α emission lines and the appropriate emission line for the internal standard. The intensities
generated are measured by an appropriate detector. The intensity ratio values obtained from this data are used to calibrate the X-ray
analyzer.
4.2 Samples are prepared in the same manner as the standards and analyzed using conditions and curves generated from those
standards.
NOTE 1—Yttrium and strontium have been used successfully as internal standards for uranium and samarium for gadolinium. Scatter lines also have
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008July 1, 2013. Published January 2009July 2013. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20002008 as
C1456 – 00.C1456 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/C1456-08.10.1520/C1456-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1456 − 13
4 5,6
been used as internal standard lines. An explanation of internal standard method is found in several sources.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is applicable to samples containing 21 to 10 % gadolinium oxide and 90 to 98 %99 % uranium oxide on
the “as received” basis. The method may be used to determine concentration of either uranium, gadolinium, or both.
5.2 Either wavelength-dispersive or energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence systems may be used provided the software
accompanying the system is able to acc
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.