ASTM D2271-94(1999)e1

Standard Test Method for Preliminary Examination of Hydraulic Fluids (Wear Test) (Withdrawn 2004)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a constant volume high-pressure vane pump test procedure for indicating the wear preventative characteristics of petroleum and non-petroleum hydraulic fluids.
1.2 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Notes 5, 11, and 21.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers a constant volume high-pressure vane pump test procedure for indicating the wear preventative characteristics of petroleum and non-petroleum hydraulic fluids.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in May 2004 because the industry cannot run the method as currently written due to lack of approved hardware.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 09-Feb-2000
• Withdrawal Date: 24-May-2004
• ICS: 75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
ε1
Designation:D2271–94 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Preliminary Examination of Hydraulic Fluids (Wear Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2271; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
T5V/P (1)
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a constant volume high-
pressure vane pump test procedure for indicating the wear
where:
preventative characteristics of petroleum and non-petroleum
T = recirculation time, min,
hydraulic fluids. V = total volume, liters (gal), and
1.2 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in P = pump delivery, liters/min (gal/min) (shall be not less
other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values than 1 nor more than 1.5 min under operating condi-
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, tions).
each system must be used independently of the other, without
4. Significance and Use
combining values in any way.
4.1 The weight loss obtained from the use of this test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the method is an indicator of the wear preventative characteristics
of petroleum and non-petroleum hydraulic fluids operating in a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- constant volume vane pump. Excessive wear in vane pumps
can lead to malfunction of hydraulic systems in critical
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see 7.1.3, 7.2.4, and 8.1.10. applications.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1 Thebasicsystem issimilartothatwhichisdescribedin
Test Method D 2882 and is shown in Fig. 1. The following are
D 2882 Test Method for Indicating the Wear Characteristics
of Petroleum and Non-Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in a descriptions of the basic system components.
5.1.1 Power System, capability of 11 kw (15 hp) is sug-
Constant Volume Vane Pump
gested as a minimum requirement.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.1.2 Vane Pump, rotary, replacement cartridge type (Vick-
3.1 A hydraulic fluid is circulated through a rotary vane ers104or105°Cratedat28.4L/min(7.5gal/min)flowat1200
pump system for 1000 h at a pump speed of 12006 60 r/min r/min, 49°C (120°F), and 6.89 MPa (1000 psig).
and a pump outlet pressure of 6.906 0.14 MPa (10006 20 5.1.2.1 There is to be no modification to the pump housing
psig). Fluid temperature at the pump inlet is 666 3°C (1506 such as plugging the drain hole in the pump body or drilling
5°F) for all water glycols, emulsions, and other watercontain- and tapping a hole in the head for an external drain.
ing fluids and for petroleum and synthetic fluids with 40°C 5.1.3 Reservoir, equipped with a removable 60-mesh stain-
(104°F) viscosities of 46 mm /s (213 SUS) or less.Atempera- less steel finger screen in its outlet. See 3.2 for system volume
ture of 79°C (175°F) is used for all other synthetic and requirements.
petroleum fluids. The result obtained is the total cam ring and
NOTE 1—A tight-fitting stainless steel lid and a 6-mm ( ⁄4-in.) vent is
vane weight losses during the test.
recommended. When an acrylic lid is used, compatibility problems with
3.2 Fluid Volume—The volume of fluid in the test system
some non-petroleum fluids can occur.
shall not be limited but shall be as small as practical in order NOTE 2—Afinger screen having a diameter of 76 mm (3 in.) and height
of 54 mm (2.5 in.) has been found to be satisfactory.
that the period required for a complete fluid-cycle through the
pump, equal to
5.1.3.1 The reservoir can be square or rectangular (with a
flat bottom) or cylindrical (with a spherical or a cone-shaped
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A list of test equipment can be attained from ASTM.
D02.Non Hydraulic Fluids. Order replacement pump cartridge kits (Vickers Part No. 429126). The
Current edition approved Apr. 15, 1994. Published June 1994. Originally individual parts for the pump cartridge can be purchased separately, if desired. The
published as D 2271 – 64 T. Last previous edition D 2271 – 86. Vickers part numbers for these items are: Cam Ring No. 2013, Rotor No. 429446 or
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. 2008, Bronze Bushings No. 2015/2016, and Vane Kit (12 vanes) No. 912021.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2271
5.1.9 Filter Unit, 25-µm, (nominal) replaceable paper ele-
ment with housing. Two new filter elements are required for
each test.
5.1.10 Flow-Measuring Device.
5.1.11 Low-Level or High-Temperature Safety System,or
both.
5.2 The various components of the test system shall be
placed in the system as indicated in Fig. 1. The test system
must be arranged so that complete draining is possible with no
fluid trap areas. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are cartridge parts and total
pump assembly diagrams for the required pump.
5.2.1 A check should be made to ensure that the fluid to be
tested is not corrosive to any metals in the system.
NOTE 3—The use of galvanized iron, aluminum, zinc, and cadmium
should be avoided due to their high potential for corrosion in the presence
of many non-petroleum hydraulic fluids.
5.2.2 The test pump must have right-hand rotation (clock-
wise rotation as viewed from the pump drive end).
FIG. 1 Hydraulic Fluid Wear Test Schematic
5.2.3 The reservoir bottom must be mounted sufficiently
higher than the pump inlet so a positive pressure is maintained
at the pump inlet to prevent cavitation.
bottom) and must be designed so as to avoid air entrainment in
NOTE 4—Adistanceof610mm(24in.)fromthecenterlineofthepump
the fluid. The use of stainless steel is required to avoid surface
housing inlet to the top of the fluid surface in the reservoir has been found
rustinginthevaporspacearea.Whenusingastainlesssteellid,
to be satisfactory.
it should not be fastened in place until the fluid is visibly
5.2.4 The inlet line (from the reservoir to the pump intake)
deaerated (1.1.13). The use of a filter on the vent is optional.
should have an inside diameter of at least 25 mm (1 in.).
5.1.4 Outlet Pressure Control Valve.
5.2.5 The high-pressure discharge line (from the pump to
5.1.5 Temperature-Control Device.
the pressure control valve) should be 19 mm ( ⁄4 in.) Schedule
5.1.6 Temperature Indicators, with appropriate sensors for
160 steel or stainless steel pipe, or equivalent highpressure
fluid in and out temperatures.
hydraulic hose.
5.1.7 Pressure Indicators, for pump discharge and filter
5.2.6 The fluid return line and fittings (from the pressure
pressures.
control valve to the filter, flow counter, heat exchanger, and
5.1.8 Heat-Exchanger System—(heating and cooling),
2 2
reservoir) should have an inside diameter of at least 19 mm ( ⁄4
suggested minimum size 1.4 m (15 ft ).
in.).
APurolator P-92-03-0 housing and P-92 filter have been found satisfactory.An
Vickers pressure relief valve (CT-06-C/500–2000 psi) has been found satisfac-
equivalent may be used.
tory for this purpose. An equivalent may be used.
FIG. 2 Cartridge Parts
D2271
FIG. 3 Pump Assembly
5.2.7 The fluid return to the reservoir must be below the 7.1.5 Inspect the pump drive shaft, shaft seal, and bearings
fluid level and away from the reservoir outlet located in the after every run. If these parts appear to have wear or damage,
replace any suspect part prior to starting the next test.
bottom of the reservoir.
7.1.6 Insert a good used pump cartridge into the pump
5.2.8 The test fluid temperature must be measured within
housing to circulate the flushing fluid.
102 mm (4 in.) of the pump inlet. The sensing probe must be
7.1.7 Check pump alignment.
inserted into the midpoint of flow.
7.1.8 Remove the used filter element, clean the filter hous-
5.2.9 The fluid cooler should be located above the center
ing, and install a new filter element.
line of the pump to allow for good drainage.
7.1.9 Remove, clean, and reinstall the 60-mesh screen in the
reservoir outlet.
6. Sampling
7.1.10 Close the reservoir outlet valve and pour 60 % of a
6.1 The sample of new fluid shall be thoroughly represen-
full charge (3.2) of the appropriate cleaning solvent (7.1.3) into
tative of the material in question and the portion used for the
the reservoir.
test shall be thoroughly representative of the sample itself.
7.1.11 Close all drain valves and petcocks and open the
reservoiroutletvalvetoallowtheflushingfluidtofillthepump
7. Preparation of Apparatus
and the lower lines of the system.
7.1.12 Reduce the setting of the pressure control valve, if
7.1 Cleaning and Flushing of Test System—Proper cleaning
not already done.
and flushing of the entire test system is extremely important in
7.1.13 Jog the pump drive motor ON and OFF switches to
order to prevent cross-contamination of test fluids.
remove the air from the test system. Continue until the fluid
7.1.1 Open all drain valves and the petcocks at all low areas
returning to the reservoir is visually free of air.
to permit removal of the used test fluid.
NOTE 5—If fluid cannot be visually observed in the reservoir, the lack
7.1.2 Remove the used pump cartridge, if not already done.
7.1.3 Clean the pump housing with an appropriate solvent
(use Stoddard Solvent (Warning—see Combustible. Health
The Vickers part numbers for the pump shaft and bearings are as follows: drive
hazard.) for petroleum and synthetic fluids; hot water for water
shaft—188328, head bearing—1700, and shaft bearing—1704. Special seals are
glycol and other water-based fluids).
required for testing with synthetic fluids. The different Vickers gasket kits that are
available for the V-104C/105C pump are as follows: 919005 for water glycols,
7.1.4 Visuallyexaminethepumpheadandtheinteriorofthe
water-in-oil emulsions, and petroleum; 919298 for water-in-oil emulsions, water
pump body. Replace when evidence of deterioration is ob-
glycols, aryl phosphate esters, and phosphate ester-hydrocarbon blends; and 919038
served. for alkyl and aryl phosphate esters.
D2271
of pump noise is an acceptable indication that the fluid is suitably
7.2.4 Clean the cartridge parts in Stoddard Solvent, rinse
deaerated.
with precipitation naphtha (Warning—Flammable. Health
hazard.) and air dry.
7.1.14 Circulate the flushing fluid through the system for ⁄2
7.2.5 Measure the rotor width between each vane slot and
h at 1200 r/min (use a pressure of 1.40 MPa (200 psig) when
the ring width at twelve places equally spaced around the ring.
using water or 3.45 MPa (500 psig) when using Stoddard
Measure the width of each vane at the top and bottom. Record
Solvent). Maintain a temperature between 30 and 49°C (100
all measurements. Both the top and bottom vane widths must
and 120°F).
be 2.5 to 15.2 µm (0.001 to 0.0006 in.) less than the average
NOTE 6—One flush of this petroleum solvent is usually sufficient to
rotor width, and the average rotor width must be 17.8 to 35.6
clean a system in which an oil was run. Other solvents can be used when
µm (0.0007 to 0.0014 in.) less than the average ring width.
oxidized oil has coated the reservoir and lines. Repeat the flush if the first
7.2.6 Weigh (separately) the cam ring and the complete set
flush is cloudy or opaque. In some cases, hot water can be suitable for
of twelve vanes. Determine these two weights to the nearest
flushing the system.
milligram and record these values. The vanes should be
7.1.15 Drain the flushing fluid.
checked to see if they have been magnetized.They must not be
7.1.16 Remove the filter element, clean the filter housing,
magnetized when weighing before or after the test. Vanes may
and reinstall the same filter element.
be demagnetized with a degausser.
7.1.17 Repeat 7.1.10-7.1.13 full charge (3.2) of new test
7.2.7 Assemble the test pump cartridge, wetting all parts
fluid with the pressure increased to 3.45 MPa (500 psig) for 2
with a film of test fluid. Verify proper vane insertion into the
h.
rotor. Verify correct assembly of the rotor, inner and outer
7.1.18 Completely drain the test system of all fluid.
bushing,andcamringdirectionandalignment(seeFig.2).The
7.1.19 Remove, clean, and reinstall the 60 mesh-screen in
vanes should be checked for free movement in rotor slots when
the reservoir outlet.
assembling.
7.1.20 Remove the filter element, clean the filter housing,
NOTE 10—Tight vanes will often fit freely in another slot.
and install a new filter element.
7.2.8 Insert and bottom the assembly alignment pin, only
7.1.21 Remove the pump cartridge used for flushing from
about3mm( ⁄8in.)ofthelargeendshouldbevisibleabovethe
the pump housing.
outer bushing surface.
7.1.22 Close the reservoir outlet valve.
7.3 Installation of Test Pump Cartridge:
7.1.23 Put a full charge (3.3) of new test fluid into the
(See Fig. 3).
reservoir.
7.3.1 Insert a properly prepared test pump cartridge into the
7.2 Preparation of New Test Pump Cartridge:
pump housing, being careful to completely seat it using the
7.2.1 Inspect all pump cartridge components for manufac-
guide pin hole for right-hand rotation (small hole near inlet of
turing or material irregularities. A completely new pump
pump housing).
cartridge must be used for each test. Do not reuse any cartridge
7.3.2 Install pump housing head and gasket.
components.
7.2.2 Remove the sharp edges and burrs from all steel pump
NOTE 11—The following torque sequence has been found satisfactory.
cartridge parts with an oil stone.
Useatorquewrenchtotightentheeightheadbolts.1100N-mm(10in./lb)
at a time, using the following sequence: top (1), bottom (5), right side (3),
7.2.3 Inspect the rotor for cracks and make sure the rotation
left side (7), then bolts (2), (6), (4), and (8). Slowly rotate the pump shaft
arrows on it and the bushings are correct.
by hand while tightening the bolts. Tighten bolts until binding is felt.
Then, loosen the head bolts until the shaft is completely free and re-torque
NOTE 7—Some laboratories have found it useful to lap the terminal
1100 N-mm (10 in./lb) at a time to 1100 N-mm (10 in./lb) less than the
holes at the base of the vane slots in the rotor in an attempt to minimize
abovebindingpoint.Recordthefinalleveloftorque(usuallyabout11 300
the possibility of rotor segment breakage. To do this, each hole is lapped
for several minut
...