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ASTM D3687-19

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Promulgations by the U.S. Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910 designate that certain organic compounds must not be present in workplace atmospheres at concentrations above specified values.  
5.2 This test method, when used in conjunction with Practice D3686, will promote needed accuracy and precision in the determination of airborne concentrations of many of the organic chemicals including but not limited to 29 CFR 1910, CDC-99-74-45, NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods, and HSE Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances. It can be used to determine worker exposures to these chemicals, provided appropriate sampling periods are used.  
5.3 Most laboratories are equipped with apparatus similar to that described in Section 7. Other apparatus can be used when analytical procedures suitable for that equipment are employed. The analytical techniques (or variations thereof) described in Sections 9 – 11 are in general use to analyze volatile organic compounds extracted from charcoal. Other procedures can be used when appropriate and validated as being suitable for the intended use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the extraction and gas chromatographic determination of organic vapors that have been adsorbed from air in sampling tubes packed with activated charcoal.  
1.2 This test method is complementary to Practice D3686.  
1.3 This test method is applicable for analysis of samples taken from workplace or other atmospheres provided that the contaminant adsorbs onto charcoal, that it can be adequately extracted from the charcoal, and that it can be analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Other adsorbents and other extraction techniques are described in Practice D6196.  
1.4 Organic compounds of multicomponent samples may mutually interfere during analysis. Methods to resolve interferences are given in Section 6.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 8.5, 9.2, and in X1.2.3.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2019
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1356-14b - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014
Refers
ASTM D1356-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM D1356-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Oct-2015
Refers
ASTM D6196-15 - Standard Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Parameters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Refers
ASTM D3686-20 - Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Sep-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3687 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the
1
Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method describes the extraction and gas 2.1 ASTM Standards:
chromatographic determination of organic vapors that have D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
been adsorbed from air in sampling tubes packed with acti- Atmospheres
vated charcoal. D3686Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-
ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-
1.2 This test method is complementary to Practice D3686.
sorption Method)
1.3 This test method is applicable for analysis of samples
D6196Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Param-
taken from workplace or other atmospheres provided that the
eters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for
contaminant adsorbs onto charcoal, that it can be adequately
Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air
extracted from the charcoal, and that it can be analyzed by gas
E355PracticeforGasChromatographyTermsandRelation-
chromatography (GC). Other adsorbents and other extraction
ships
techniques are described in Practice D6196.
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.4 Organic compounds of multicomponent samples may
ISO/IEC 17025General Requirements for the Competence
mutually interfere during analysis. Methods to resolve inter-
of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
ferences are given in Section 6.
2.3 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
(NIOSH) Documents:
4
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are CDC-99-74-45Documentation of NIOSH Validation Tests
5
providedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM)
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.4 Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Standards:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
29 CFR 1910Code of Federal Regulations, Regulations
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Relating to Labor, Occupational Safety and Health
6
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Administration, Department of Labor
Specific precautions are given in 8.5, 9.2, and in X1.2.3.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
2
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the ASTM website.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
4
Available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air mation Service, 5301 Shawnee Road,Alexandria, VA22312, https://www.ntis.gov.
5
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittees D22.04 on WorkplaceAir Available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
Quality. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam.
6
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3687–07 (2012). Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
DOI: 10.1520/D3687-19. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3687 − 19
7
OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods ployed. The analytical techniques (or variations thereof) de-
scribedinSections9–11areingeneralusetoanalyzevolatile
2.5 UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Documents:
organic compounds extracted from charco
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3687 − 07 (Reapproved 2012) D3687 − 19
Standard Practice Test Method for
Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the
1
Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the applications of methods for the extraction and gas chromatographic determination of organic vapors
that have been adsorbed from air in sampling tubes packed with activated charcoal.
1.2 This practice is complementary to Practice D3686.
1.3 This practice is applicable for analysis of samples taken from workplace or other atmospheres provided that the contaminant
adsorbs onto charcoal, that it can be adequately extracted from the charcoal, and that it can be analyzed by gas chromatography
(GC). Other adsorbents and other extraction techniques are described in Practice D6196.
1.4 Organic compounds of multicomponent samples may mutually interfere during analysis. Methods to resolve interferences
are given in Section 6.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 8.4, 9.2, and in A1.2.3.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
D6196 Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Parameters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for Monitoring
Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
2.2 NIOSH Standards:
3
CDC-99-74-45 Documentation of NIOSH Validation Tests
th 4
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4 Ed.
2.3 OSHA Standards:
29 CFR 1910 Code of Federal Regulations, Regulations Relating to Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
5
Department of Labor
1
This practice test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittees D22.04 on Workplace Air
Quality.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012Aug. 1, 2019. Published July 2012September 2019. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D3687 – 07.D3687 – 07 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D3687-07R12.10.1520/D3687-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Port Royal5301 Shawnee Road, Springfield,Alexandria, VA 22161.22312,
https://www.ntis.gov.
5
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam (accessed 1/2007).Available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC), https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam.
6
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW,
Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3687 − 19
6
OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods
7
2.4 UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE):
Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS)
8
2.5 Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitsschulz (BGIA):
GESTIS Analytical Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to the terminology specified in D1
...

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5.1 This practice is recommended for use in measuring the concentration of VOCs in ambient, indoor, and workplace atmospheres. It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers for material emission testing or human exposure assessment.  
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1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8406-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4323-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydrogen sulfide is an odorous substance which is offensive even at low concentrations in the atmosphere and toxic at higher levels. It may be a product of biological processes in the absence of oxygen, as may occur in municipal landfills. It is emitted from geothermal sources, occurs in oil and gas, and may be emitted from industrial processes. Measurement is required for air pollution studies, for pollution control, environmental justice based monitoring, and for plume characterization. This test method is intended for hydrogen sulfide content up to 3000 ppbv. Measurement of hydrogen sulfide above this concentration in gaseous fuels, carbon dioxide or other gaseous matrices is described in Test Method D4084. Equipment described is suitable for fixed site or for mobile monitoring.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the automatic continuous determination of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the atmosphere or in gaseous samples in the range from one part per billion by volume (1 ppb/v) to 3000 ppb/v. Information obtained may be used for air-pollution studies, fence-line monitoring, and other source emission monitoring.  
1.2 The range may be extended by appropriate dilution techniques or by equipment modification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See Section 9 for specific safety precautionary statements.)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3162-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometry)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of carbon monoxide is essential to evaluation of many air pollution concerns and pollution control strategies. This test method derives significance from providing such determination.  
5.2 Carbon monoxide is formed in the process of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, and is a constituent of the exhaust of gasoline engines. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards for CO that are designed to protect the public health and welfare (3, 4).  
5.3 This test method is suitable for measurements appropriate for the purposes noted in 5.1 and 5.2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration of the atmosphere between 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) and 115 mg/m3 (100 ppm(v)). The measuring principle is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by CO in the 4.7 μm region (1).2  
1.2 The test method has a limit of detection of about 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) carbon monoxide in air.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values and units in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional precautions.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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