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ASTM D4191-97

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of low amounts of sodium in waters  having low solids content. The applicable range of this test method is from 0.20 to 3.0 mg/L when using the 589.6-nm resonance line. This range may be extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of sample or by use of the less-sensitive 330.2-nm resonance line. Many workers have found that this test method is reliable for sodium levels to 0.005 mg/L, but use of this test method at this low level is dependent on the configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer system available in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as the experience and skill of the analyst. The precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify use of this test method in the 0.005 to 0.20-mg/L range.  
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked reagent water. It is the analyst's responsibility to assure the validity of the test method to other low dissolved solids matrices.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-1997
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4191-03 - Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003

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ASTM D4191-97 - Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometryASTM D4191-97 - Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
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ASTM D4191-97 - Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4191 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
1
Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
4
1. Scope Absorption Spectrophotometry
E 60 Practice for Photometric and Spectrophotometric
1.1 This test method covers the determination of low
5
2
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals
amounts of sodium in waters having low solids content. The
E 275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
applicable range of this test method is from 0.20 to 3.0 mg/L
of Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near Infrared Spectrophotom-
when using the 589.6-nm resonance line. This range may be
6
eters
extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of
sample or by use of the less-sensitive 330.2-nm resonance line.
3. Terminology
Many workers have found that this test method is reliable for
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
sodium levels to 0.005 mg/L, but use of this test method at this
method, refer to Terminology D 1129.
low level is dependent on the configuration of the aspirator and
nebulizer system available in the atomic absorption spectro-
4. Summary of Test Method
photometer as well as the experience and skill of the analyst.
4.1 Sodium is determined by flame atomic absorption spec-
The precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify
trophotometry. The sodium content is determined by aspirating
use of this test method in the 0.005 to 0.20-mg/L range.
the low solids sample directly with no sample pretreatment.
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked
reagent water. It is the analyst’s responsibility to assure the
5. Significance and Use
validity of the test method to other low dissolved solids
5.1 Sodium salts are very soluble, and sodium leached from
matrices.
soil and rocks tends to remain in solution. Water with a high
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ratio of sodium to calcium is deleterious to soil structure.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 Sodium is not particularly significant in potable water
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
except for those persons having an abnormal sodium metabo-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
lism, but water supplies in some areas contain sufficient
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sodium to be a factor in the planning of sodium-free diets.
5.3 The use of sodium salts is common in industry; there-
2. Referenced Documents
fore, many industrial wastewaters contain significant quantities
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3 of sodium. For high-pressure boiler feed-water even trace
D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
3 amounts of sodium are of concern.
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water
6. Interferences
3
and Steam in Closed Conduits
6.1 In the analysis of low-solids water, interferences are
3
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
usually negligible.
3
D 3370 Practice for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D 3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium
7. Apparatus
Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic
7.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for use at 589.6
nm.
NOTE 1—The manufacturer’s instructions should be followed for all
instrumental parameters. Wavelengths other than 589.6 nm may be used
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water
only if they have been determined to be equally suitable.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
7.2 Sodium Hollow-Cathode Lamps—Multielement hollow
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published December 1998. Originally
published as D 4191 – 82. Last previous edition D 4191 – 93.
2 4
Platte, J. A., and Marcy, V. M., “A New Tool for the Water Chemist,” Industrial Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
5
Water Engineering, May 1965. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superseded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or
discontinued.¬Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
D 4191
cathode lamps are available and also have been found sa
...

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5.1 The first reported synthesis of BPA was by the reaction of phenol with acetone by Zincke.4 BPA has become an important high volume industrial chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastic and resins are used in numerous products including electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, sports and safety equipment, reusable food and drink containers, electrical laminates for printed circuit boards, composites, paints, adhesives, dental sealants, protective coatings and many other products.5  
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SCOPE
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1.2 A full collaborative study to meet the requirements of Practice D2777 has not been completed. This standard contains single-operator precision and bias based on single-operator data. Publication of standards that have not been fully validated is done to make the current technology accessible to users of standards, and to solicit additional input from the user community.  
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1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The Reporting Range for the target analytes are listed in Table 1.  
1.5.1 The reporting limit in this test method is the minimum value below which data are documented as non-detects. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 6 after taking into account an 8 mL water sample volume and a final diluted sample volume of 10 mL (80 % water/20 % methanol).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), and octylphenol (OP), extracted from water utilizing solid phase extraction (SPE), separated using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These compounds are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This method adheres to single reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry.  
1.2 The method detection limit (MDL) and reporting limit (RL) for NP, NP1EO, NP2EO, and OP are listed in Table 1.    
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    English language
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