ASTM A859/A859M-04(2009)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
Standard Specification for Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for low-carbon age-hardened nickel-copper-chromium-molybdenum-columbium alloy steel forgings for pressure vessel components. Materials shall be manufactured to a killed fine austenitic grain size, by vacuum degas melting process. Heat treatment shall be conducted, according to class, by: normalizing and precipitation hardening (Grade A, Class 1); liquid quenching and precipitation hardening (Grade A, Class 2); or double liquid-quenching, tempering, double austenitizing, and precipitation hardening (Grade B). Heat and product analyses shall be used to evaluate the conformance of forgings to required chemical compositions. Tensile, notch toughness, and Charpy impact requirements shall be examined, for which one of four sampling methods may be employed. One tension test and one impact test (for three samples) shall be made for each forging. Dimensions and finishes of the forgings shall conform to that specified by the purchaser. Repair welding shall also be performed only if permitted by the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for low-carbon age-hardening nickel-copper-chromium-molybdenum-columbium alloy steel forgings for pressure vessel components.
1.2 Forgings under this specification are available as Grades A or B. Grade A may be ordered in one or two classes as follows:
1.2.1 Grade A Class 1—Normalized-and-precipitation-heat-treated, providing a minimum yield strength of 55 ksi [380 MPa] and a minimum tensile strength of 65 ksi [450 MPa].
1.2.2 Grade A Class 2—Quenched-and-precipitation-heat-treated, providing a minimum yield strength of 65 ksi [450 MPa] and a minimum tensile strength of 75 ksi [MPa].
1.2.3 Grade A was the original steel composition in this specification.
1.3 Although the material is readily weldable, welding procedures are of fundamental importance and must be such as not to affect adversely the properties of the material, especially in the heat-affected zone. It is presupposed that welding procedures will be suitable for the material being welded.
1.4 Supplementary requirements, including those applicable in Specification A 788/A 788M, are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
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Designation:A859/A859M −04(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel
Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA859/A859M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be
furnished to inch-pound units.
1.1 This specification covers requirements for low-carbon
age-hardening nickel-copper-chromium-molybdenum-
2. Referenced Documents
columbium alloy steel forgings for pressure vessel compo-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nents.
A275/A275MPracticeforMagneticParticleExaminationof
1.2 ForgingsunderthisspecificationareavailableasGrades
Steel Forgings
A or B. Grade A may be ordered in one or two classes as
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
follows:
of Steel Products
1.2.1 GradeAClass 1—Normalized-and-precipitation-heat-
A388/A388MPractice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
treated, providing a minimum yield strength of 55 ksi [380
Forgings
MPa] and a minimum tensile strength of 65 ksi [450 MPa].
A788/A788MSpecification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
1.2.2 Grade A Class 2—Quenched-and-precipitation-heat-
quirements
treated, providing a minimum yield strength of 65 ksi [450
E208Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to
MPa] and a minimum tensile strength of 75 ksi [MPa].
Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Fer-
1.2.3 Grade A was the original steel composition in this
ritic Steels
specification.
E604Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic
Materials
1.3 Although the material is readily weldable, welding
proceduresareoffundamentalimportanceandmustbesuchas
2.2 ASME Standard:
nottoaffectadverselythepropertiesofthematerial,especially ASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCode—SectionIX,Weld-
in the heat-affected zone. It is presupposed that welding
ing Qualifications
procedures will be suitable for the material being welded.
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
1.4 Supplementaryrequirements,includingthoseapplicable
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
in Specification A788/A788M, are provided for use when
Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include with
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply
the inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or written
only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
description of the forging and the method of selecting test
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
location (see 6.3). When appropriate, the areas of significant
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
loading in the forging shall be designated.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
with the standard.
requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound and
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable
tional supplementary requirements.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A859/A859M–04. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
DOI: 10.1520/A0859_A0859M-04R09. New York, NY 10017.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A859/A859M−04 (2009)
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict of Table 2. The largest obtainable tension test specimen as
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the specified in Test Methods and Definitions A370 shall be used.
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
6.2 Notch Toughness Requirements:
4. Manufacture
6.2.1 For Grade A, Class 1 or 2 forgings, unless Supple-
mentary Requirement S6 is specified, the Charpy impact test
4.1 Melting Practice—The steel shall be made to a killed,
resultsshallconformtotherequirementsofTable3.Onesetof
fine austenitic grain size, practice.
threespecimensshallberemovedfromeachspecimenlocation
4.1.1 Vacuum degassing in accordance with Specification
as specified in 6.3. The supplier may select a test temperature
A788/A788M is highly recommended.
colder than that specified in the order, but in any case, the
4.2 Heat Treatment:
actual test temperature shall be reported with the test results.
4.2.1 Normalizing may, at the manufacturer’s option, pre-
6.2.2 For Grade B forgings two sets of Charpy impact
cede the prescribed heat treatment cycle.
specimens shall be removed from each test specimen location
4.2.2 Grade A Class 1 forgings shall be normalized at a
as specified in 6.3 and shall conform to the requirements of
temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [870 to 940°C]
Table 3.
and then precipitation hardened in the range from 1000 to
6.2.3 Full-size, 10 by 10 mm, Charpy V-notch specimens
1225°F [540 to 665°C] for a time to be determined by the
shall be used unless the material thickness or configuration
material manufacturer.
makes it impossible to obtain full-size specimens. If the use of
4.2.3 Grade A Class 2 forgings shall be liquid quenched
sub-size specimens is necessary, the largest standard sub-size
from a temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [870 to
940°C]andthenprecipitationhardenedintherangefrom1000 specimen it is possible to obtain shall be used.
to 1225°F [540 to 665°C] for a time to be determined by the
6.2.4 The acceptance values for sub-size specimens shall be
material manufacturer.
reduced in direct ratio to the reduction of specimen width.
4.2.4 Grade B forgings shall be double quenched and
6.3 Sampling—The longitudinal axis and the mid-length of
tempered (liquid quenched twice) by austenitizing twice at a
tension and impact test specimens shall be positioned in
temperatureintherangeof1600to1725°F[870to940°C],and
accordance with one of the following methods as specified by
then precipitation hardened at a temperature in the range of
the purchaser:
1000 to 1300°F [540 to 700°C] for a time to be determined by
6.3.1 Method 1—This method shall always be used when
the manufacturer.
the maximum as-heat-treated thickness does not exceed 2 in.
5. Chemical Composition
[50 mm]. Specimens shall be located in the production forging
5.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam- ortestforging(asdescribedinMethod4)atmid-thicknessand
pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall
at least 2 in. [50 mm] from other as-heat-treated surfaces.
comply with Table 1.
6.3.2 Method 2—T by 2T, where T is the distance from the
area of significant loading (see 3.1) to the nearest as-heat-
5.2 Product Analysis—The purchaser may use the product
treated surface. However, the specimen shall not be nearer to
analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a
one as-heat-treated surface than ⁄4 in. [20 mm] and not nearer
product analysis from a forging representing each heat or
than1 ⁄2in.[40mm]toasecondas-heat-treatedsurface.When
multiple heat.
this method of testing is employed, forgings are usually
6. Mechanical Requirements
manufactured in accordance with a purchaser-approved draw-
6.1 Tensile Requirements—The forgings, as represented by ing showing pre-heat-treatment dimensions and the location of
the tension test specimens, shall conform to the requirements test specimens.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Element Grade A Grade B
Carbon 0.07 max 0.02–0.04
Manganese 0.40–0.70 0.75–1.05
Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.015
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.002
Silicon, max 0.40 0.40
Chromium 0.60–0.90 0.45–0.75
Nickel 0.70–1.00 3.35–3.85
Molybdenum 0.15–0.25 0.55–0.65
Copper 1.00–1.30 1.15–1.75
Columbium 0.02 min 0.02–0.06
Vanadium max . 0.008
Aluminum max . 0.03
Titanium max . 0.003
Tin max . 0.03
Arsenic max . 0.025
Antimony max . 0.025
Nitrogen . report
A859/A859M−04 (2009)
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Property Grade A Grade A Grade B
Class 1 Class 2
Yield strength 0.2% offset ksi [MPa] 55 [380 min] 65 [450] min 100–115 [690–800]
Tensile Strength ksi [MPa] 65–85 [450–585] 75–95 [515–650] 105 [725] min
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm % min 20 20 16
Reduction of Area % min 45 45 45
TABLE 3 Charpy Impact Requirements
Grade A Grade A Grade B Grade B
Class1 Class2 0°F [18°C] —120°F [-85°C]
−50°F [−45°C] −50°F [−45°C]
A
Test Average, ft/lb [J] 20 [27] 20 [27] 80 [110] 60 [80]
Minimum single value, ft/lb [J] 15 [20] 15 [20] 75 [100] 55 [75]
A
Not more than one specimen from a set may be below this value.
6.3.3 Method 3— ⁄4 T by T, where T is the maximum 6.7.1 Forgings Under 500 lb [250 kg] As-Heat-Treated—
thickness of the forging as-heat-treated. When this method of For duplicate forgings weighing less than 500 lb [250 kg]
testing is employed for Class 2, the maximum as-heat-treated as-heat-treated, one tension test and one impact test (three
thickness shall not exceed 8 in. [200 mm] unless otherwise specimens) shall be made to represent each heat in each
agreed. heat-treatment charge. When heat-treatm
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A 859/A 859M–04 Designation: A859/A859M – 04 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel
Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA859/A859M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
1.1This specification covers requirements for low-carbon age-hardening nickel-copper-chromium-molybdenum-columbium
alloy steel forgings for pressure vessel components.
1.1 This specification covers requirements for low-carbon age-hardening nickel-copper-chromium-molybdenum-columbium
alloy steel forgings for pressure vessel components.
1.2 Forgings under this specification are available as GradesAor B. GradeAmay be ordered in one or two classes as follows:
1.2.1 Grade A Class 1—Normalized-and-precipitation-heat-treated, providing a minimum yield strength of 55 ksi [380 MPa]
and a minimum tensile strength of 65 ksi [450 MPa].
1.2.2 GradeAClass2—Quenched-and-precipitation-heat-treated,providingaminimumyieldstrengthof65ksi[450MPa]and
a minimum tensile strength of 75 ksi [MPa].
1.2.3 Grade A was the original steel composition in this specification.
1.3 Although the material is readily weldable, welding procedures are of fundamental importance and must be such as not to
affect adversely the properties of the material, especially in the heat-affected zone. It is presupposed that welding procedures will
be suitable for the material being welded.
1.4 Supplementary requirements, including those applicable in Specification A 788A 788A788/A788M, are provided for use
when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound SI units or SIinch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the
text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system aremay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
mustshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
specification. standard.
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M”
specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A275/A275M Test MethodPractice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Heavy Steel Forgings
A788788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
E604 Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials
2.2 ASME Standard:
ASME
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code—Section IX, Welding Qualifications
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
3.1 InadditiontotheorderinginformationrequiredbySpecificationA788A788A788/A788M,thepurchasershallincludewith
theinquiryandorderadetaileddrawing,sketch,orwrittendescriptionoftheforgingandthemethodofselectingtestlocation(see
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel,Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved MarchApril 1, 2004.2009. Published April 2004.2009. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20022004 as A 859/A
859M–02.A859/A859M–04. DOI: 10.1520/A0859_A0859M-04R09.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A859/A859M – 04 (2009)
6.3). When appropriate, the areas of significant loading in the forging shall be designated.
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationA788A788A788/A788M, which
outlines additional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,
certification, product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of SpecificationA788A788A788/A788M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
4. Manufacture
4.1 Melting Practice—The steel shall be made to a killed, fine austenitic grain size, practice.
4.1.1Vacuum degassing in accordance with Specification A 788A 788
4.1.1 Vacuum degassing in accordance with Specification A788/A788M is highly recommended.
4.2 Heat Treatment:
4.2.1 Normalizing may, at the manufacturer’s option, precede the prescribed heat treatment cycle.
4.2.2 GradeAClass 1 forgings shall be normalized at a temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [870 to 940°C] and then
precipitation hardened in the range from 1000 to 1225°F [540 to 665°C] for a time to be determined by the material manufacturer.
4.2.3 GradeAClass 2 forgings shall be liquid quenched from a temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [870 to 940°C]
and then precipitation hardened in the range from 1000 to 1225°F [540 to 665°C] for a time to be determined by the material
manufacturer.
4.2.4 Grade B forgings shall be double quenched and tempered (liquid quenched twice) by austenitizing twice at a temperature
in the range of 1600 tpto 1725°F [870 to 940°C], and then precipitation hardened at a temperature in the range of 1000 to 1300°F
[540 to 700°C] for a time to be determined by the manufacturer.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 HeatAnalysis—The heat analysis obtained from sampling in accordance with SpecificationA788A788A788/A788M shall
comply with Table 1.
5.2 Product Analysis—The purchaser may use the product analysis provision of Specification A 788A 788A788/A788M to
obtain a product analysis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat.
6. Mechanical Requirements Mechanical Requirements
6.1 Tensile Requirements—The forgings, as represented by the tension test specimens, shall conform to the requirements of
Table 2. The largest obtainable tension test specimen as specified in Test Methods and Definitions A 370A370 shall be used.
6.2 Notch Toughness Requirements:
6.2.1 ForGradeA,Class1or2forgings,unlessSupplementaryRequirementS6isspecified,theCharpyimpacttestresultsshall
conform to the requirements of Table 3. One set of three specimens shall be removed from each specimen location as specified
in6.3.Thesuppliermayselectatesttemperaturecolderthanthatspecifiedintheorder,butinanycase,theactualtesttemperature
shall be reported with the test results.
6.2.2 ForGradeBforgingstwosetsofCharpyimpactspecimensshallberemovedfromeachtestspecimenlocationasspecified
in 6.3 and shall conform to the requirements of Table 3.
6.2.3 Full-size, 10 by 10 mm, Charpy V-notch specimens shall be used unless the material thickness or configuration makes it
impossible to obtain full-size specimens. If the use of sub-size specimens is necessary, the largest standard sub-size specimen it
is possible to obtain shall be used.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Element Grade A Grade B
Carbon 0.07 max 0.02–0.04
Manganese 0.40–0.70 0.75–1.05
Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.015
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.002
Silicon, max 0.40 0.40
Chromium 0.60–0.90 0.45–0.75
Nickel 0.70–1.00 3.35–3.85
Molybdenum 0.15–0.25 0.55–0.65
Copper 1.00–1.30 1.15–1.75
Columbium 0.02 min 0.02–0.06
Vanadium max . 0.008
Aluminum max . 0.03
Titanium max . 0.003
Tin max . 0.03
Arsenic max . 0.025
Antimony max . 0.025
Nitrogen . report
A859/A859M – 04 (2009)
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Property Grade A Grade A Grade B
Class 1 Class 2
Yield strength 0.2% offset ksi [MPa] 55 [380 min] 65 [450] min 100–115 [690–800]
Tensile Strength ksi [MPa] 65–85 [450–585] 75–95 [515–650] 105 [725] min
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm % min 20 20 16
Reduction of Area % min 45 45 45
TABLE 3 Charpy Impact Requirements
Grade A Grade A Grade B Grade B
Class1 Class2 0°F [18°C] —120°F [-85°C]
−50°F [−45°C] −50°F [−45°C]
A
Test Average, ft/lb [J] 20 [27] 20 [27] 80 [110] 60 [80]
Minimum single value, ft/lb [J] 15 [20] 15 [20] 75 [100] 55 [75]
A
Not more than one specimen from a set may be below this value.
6.2.4 The acceptance values for sub-size specimens shall be reduced in direct ratio to the reduction of specimen width.
6.3 Sampling—Thelongitudinalaxisandthemid-lengthoftensionandimpacttestspecimensshallbepositionedinaccordance
with one of the following methods as specified by the purchaser:
6.3.1 Method1—Thismethodshallalwaysbeusedwhenthemaximumas-heat-treatedthicknessdoesnotexceed2in.[50mm].
Specimens shall be located in the production forging or test forging (as described in Method 4) at mid-thickness and at least 2 in.
[50 mm] from other as-heat-treated surfaces.
6.3.2 Method 2—T by 2T, where T is the distance from the area of significant loading (see 3.1) to the nearest as-heat-treated
3 1
surface. However, the specimen shall not be nearer to one as-heat-treated surface than ⁄4 in. [20 mm] and not nearer than 1 ⁄2 in.
[40 mm] to a second as-heat-treated surface. When this method of testing is employed, forgings are usually manufactured in
accordance with a purchaser-approved drawing showing pre-heat-treatment dimensions and the location of test specimens.
6.3.3 Method 3— ⁄4 T by T, where T is the maximum thickness of the forging as-heat-treated. When this method of testing is
employed for Class 2, the maximum as-heat-treated thickness shall not exceed 8 in. [200 mm] unless otherwise agreed.
6.3.4 Method 4—Test specimens shall be taken from a representative separate test forging or bar made from the same heat of
steel that shall receive substantially the same reduction and type of hot working as the production forgings which it represents;
except that a longitudinally forged bar may be used to represent a rolled ring of similar cross section. It shall be of the same
no
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